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  • The Progressive Case for Cryptocurrency

    Editor’s Note: This is a follow-up article to “The Conservative Case for Cryptocurrency.”

    There are two basic types of progressives. One type’s primary objectives are to reduce social power imbalances and help lift up the least advantaged in society. The other type simply wants to control political power hierarchies to engineer society.

    In making a progressive case for cryptocurrency, then, it’s important to appeal to the former type. Some progressives who claim to stand for the poor unwittingly support the hierarchies that cause poverty. One such hierarchy is the big one behind the US dollar.

    The dollar is not just a piece of paper. It symbolizes a system. And that system benefits the wealthy by design. The Federal Reserve—the Bank of Banks that controls the money supply—actually has the power to tax, in a way. But that taxation power is wholly undemocratic, unaccountable, and falls disproportionately upon the poor.

    It’s called inflation.

    As Austrian economists define it, inflation is the practice of printing money out of thin air, which robs the people of their purchasing power. True progressives shouldn’t tolerate the practice because it ends up harming hard-working people, especially the poor.

    Source: FRED/Wikipedia

    Inflation amounts to a kind of perverse redistribution from poor to rich, because the redistribution works in service of the central banks and their friends in the financial sector. Obviously, inflation works to the advantage of governments, too, not to mention favor seekers who depend on debt spending.

    As Dion Rabuoin writes at Axios:

    “The Fed-driven economy relies on the creation of trillions of dollars — literally out of thin air — that are used to purchase bonds and push money into a pandemic-ravaged economy that has long been dependent on free cash and is only growing more addicted.”

    The problem is that most of these resources stay at the top of the income distribution. Whether in large corporations or in banks, the wealthiest eat first and leave very few scraps. Today much of the inflation shows up as asset prices such as stocks. Otherwise, it shows up in higher prices for food and building materials.

    “We are seeing very substantial inflation,” said Warren Buffett recently. Of course, such inflation originates in the central bank’s response to exorbitant federal spending.

    This bizarre reality creates cognitive dissonance for some progressives who think the government can do no wrong. But whether we’re talking about missile makers, mega-corporations, or millionaires drawing Medicare from the public trough, there are very few angels writing all those checks in red ink.

    Over time, inflation robs the working poor of their meager savings, as day by day every dollar buys less. It’s no wonder, then, that many poor people turn to the very same banks that benefit from inflationary policies. Most end up deep in debt. Thus, when progressives say that capitalism is a system that exploits the poor to benefit the rich, they are right—at least when “capitalism” is defined as a system with central banking at its heart.

    But if we’re all locked in the dollar’s matrix, how is a true progressive to make change?

    One way is to adopt cryptocurrencies. Now, I don’t mean any particular cryptocurrency. Some progressives don’t like bitcoin, for example, because its security protocols make high energy demands. Other cryptocurrencies will emerge that make fewer such demands but preserve the security of decentralization.

    Now, we’ve all witnessed token traders salivating in speculative greed. This has put some progressives off of cryptocurrencies to the point that it’s hard for them to view these innovations as any sort of saving grace. But when we consider that most cryptocurrencies gain purchasing power over time, we will come to see that—despite speculation—they are an escape from a system that is robbing them.

    Since we’re still in the early days of popular adoption, price volatility is an unfortunate byproduct of crypto. In time, though, the volatility is likely to settle down. Some cryptocurrencies, known as “stablecoins” are designed to be, well, stable. (We can also imagine cryptocurrency Index Funds with their own more stable tokens, sort of like a mutual fund, which is less volatile than a single stock.) People will start to understand their cryptocurrency both as an appreciating asset and as money, especially when more and more vendors accept cryptocurrency.

    But wait. Can lower-income populations really afford to get into crypto?

    First, we should define our terms. It’s not perfect, but “low-income” is generally a group of people who can scrape up some disposable income if they’re disciplined. Let’s use Pew Research’s definition, which is anything below two-thirds of the median household income.

    Now, anyone who studies poverty knows that it’s expensive to be low-income in America. For example, lower-income folks tend to pay higher overdraft fees, ATM withdrawal fees, and interest rates than the rest of us for various reasons. For better or worse, low-income folks frequently also shop at convenience stores to satisfy many of their wants and needs. Convenience stores charge more on average for so many of the things people buy, whether it’s coffee and doughnuts, cigarettes and vapes, or candy and Monster soda. And it’s not a stretch to think that many low-income people spend $4.00 per day on average for stuff that brings them short-term pleasure, but that they probably don’t need.

    What if a low-income person could forgo enough convenient-store junk to adopt some crypto? Let’s say $100 per month.

    Now, some might argue that it’s the essence of ‘privilege’ to suggest that lower-income people buy cryptocurrencies. Indeed, at the moment, you more or less have to have a bank account to do so. (And that’s a fair point.) Yet we can’t make perfect the enemy of the good, particularly when we know that people in much poorer countries, such as Venezuela and Lebanon, find a way—especially as people in these poorer countries are experiencing hyperinflation.

    So let’s go back to the idea of foregoing $100 per month in convenience-store spending and present a set of options to low-income people.

    What would happen if someone adopted $100 per month of a cryptocurrency with a 3 percent increase in purchasing power over 10 years (as opposed to a 3 percent decrease caused by inflation) and saved it? How much would their crypto be worth after 10 years? You can do the math, but the short answer is this: it’s a lot.

    Progressives concerned about poverty alleviation—think Sen. Elizabeth Warren or Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez—should give cryptos a closer look. One of the most effective ways to help low-income people and challenge predatory hierarchies is not to agitate for more debt spending by governments, but instead to create a popular movement in cryptocurrency adoption by the least advantaged.

    At the very least, some would be able to form a nest egg that is not really possible in the predatory environments after 2008, in which the taxpayers bailed out the banks and the people continue to live on dollars worth less and less each year.

    But that’s not all. Cryptocurrencies have the potential to improve the lot of low-income groups by:

    • Providing a means of cheaper remittances between hard-working poor people in rich countries to their friends and family in poor countries.
    • Allowing people to bypass intermediaries who might privilege another group over them.
    • Providing direct, equal access to gaining capital and assets
    • Providing direct, equal access to trustful systems and global markets.
    • Providing direct, equal access to legitimating, auditable properties such as identity, provenance, and consensus systems, such as voting.

    Cryptocurrencies are still in their infancy, but they have the power to reduce power imbalances and help lift up the least advantaged in society. Indeed, given how many beneficial properties they have, and how they can function as a hedge against inflation alone, the case for cryptocurrencies makes itself.


    Max Borders

    Max Borders is author of The Social Singularity. He is also the founder and Executive Director of Social Evolution—a non-profit organization dedicated to liberating humanity through innovation. Max is also co-founder of the Voice & Exit event and former editor at the Foundation for Economic Education (FEE). Max is a futurist, a theorist, a published author and an entrepreneur.

    This article was originally published on FEE.org. Read the original article.


  • Money, It Turns Out, Is a Practical Art

    If you read on the topic of money’s history from any mainstream textbook, you will already know the drill. In the past, money took many forms. It was shells, pelts, salt, and various metals. Finally we got paper money, credit institutions, then central banks. At this point, we are told, history was complete. The final and best form had arrived.

    The state would be in charge of money forever. All that was left was to have it managed in a way that better served our needs. People argued about systems of government management. Maybe a rule of some sort, based on quantity or the gold price or some other scheme. The system can be reformed, but the idea of treating money as a technology to be managed by the market – well, let’s just leave that to utopians like F.A. Hayek.

    Frozen in Place

     

    But look what actually happened. From the time when money came to be nationalized by the state and managed by central banks, roughly 100 years ago, the improvements stopped. Everything else got better: cars, flight, communication, homes, indoor environments, distribution of all essentials from food to clothing to finance. What did not improve was the money itself. In fact, it became worse.

    This is for a reason. The nationalization of money froze it in place. It was no longer subject to the pressure that free enterprise places on everything else. It was the great exception (there were other exceptions too, like schools and courts). It was stuck. In the 21st century, we were using the same core money technology as we were using in the early part of the 20th century. Hardly anyone thought anything of it. Surely we had come to the end of history.

    The consequences were not only that money never got better. The nationalization of money led to a huge increase in government debt, wild swings in credit cycles, inflation, and even war because government no longer had to tax people for funds but rather could print it without limit. All of this ended up eating away at liberty itself, growing government beyond what any liberal society should tolerate, and fed human rights abuses.

    Then Came Crypto

    From the time that Bitcoin became viable, however, monetary theory would never be the same. In the years since that time (2009), I’ve noticed a gradual change taking place. We used to think about money as somehow existing in a finalized form. No more. It is now being thought of as we should have thought about it all along, as a technology that can become better in response to human needs.

    In the 19th century, the word technology was not in common use. Instead a different phrase was popular: the practical arts. I think it is better. Inventing new things for human use is an art form. But it is not art just for admiring. It is art for using, art to make life better, a tool to enable a better path forward for all.

    The practical arts today involve new apps, new buying options, new ways to communicate, new modes of transportation, and new markets. They make things cheaper, better, and more adaptive to our needs. Entrepreneurs compete to find better ways of serving us through the practical arts.

    Thanks to the rise of cryptocurrency, the practical arts are being applied to reinventing money itself. It is going on every day, with thousands of companies innovating new monetary technologies. The big breakthroughs include: the uniting of money with payment systems, the dramatic diminution of counterparty risk, the inclusion of the unbanked, the impossibility of censorship, the security of ownership, the absence of a central point of failure. We keep discovering new virtues.

    Cryptocurrency opened up the floodgates of monetary innovation a century after the enterprise had been shut down. F.A. Hayek wrote, “I have no doubt that competition would be much more inventive in providing the kind of monetary institutions needed for the proper functioning of markets.” He thought this might only happen by eliminating legal tender laws and dismantling central banks.

    Perhaps the most remarkable thing about cryptocurrency is that it unleashed competition without any reform of the system that still operates from the top down. No law was repealed, no plan was enacted, no new reforms were passed. It was as if a Maserati had sudden driven up alongside a fleet of Model Ts.

    When will mainstream monetary theory adapt to the new reality? Check back in ten years.

    When I was in Tel Aviv, Israel, recently, I did a full interview on a popular podcast on this topic and its meaning for our future.

     


    Jeffrey A. Tucker

    Jeffrey Tucker is Director of Content for the Foundation for Economic Education. He is founder of Liberty.me, Distinguished Honorary Member of Mises Brazil, economics adviser to FreeSociety.com, research fellow at the Acton Institute, policy adviser of the Heartland Institute, founder of the CryptoCurrency Conference, member of the editorial board of the Molinari Review, an advisor to the blockchain application builder Factom, and author of five books, most recently Right-Wing Collectivism: The Other Threat to Liberty, with a preface by Deirdre McCloskey (FEE 2017). He has written 150 introductions to books and many thousands of articles appearing in the scholarly and popular press. He is available for press interviews via his email.

    This article was originally published on FEE.org. Read the original article.


  • Why the SEC Is Terrified of Cryptocurrency

    Why the SEC Is Terrified of Cryptocurrency

    The federal government is no match for innovation. This is something lawmakers have always known, and it is the reason state and federal regulations exist. But innovation, by its very nature, will always find a way around those regulations, resulting in the implementation of more regulations for creative minds to learn to evade – which they will. This results in the over-regulation we see in America today.

    Nothing scares the government more than something it can’t control, and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) revealed this week that it is terrified of cryptocurrencies – as well it should be.

    Targeting ICOs

    See, all those lawmakers and bureaucrats sitting around regulating everything depend on taxpayer money to pay their salaries so they can keep writing regulations. Since cryptocurrencies allow people to keep all of their money, this is a big problem for the lawmakers. Soon, people may even start to realize they can buy, sell, and trade freely without any government intervention. The horror.

    So the SEC recently got together to write up even more regulations to try to scare people away from using cryptocurrencies and the blockchain by targeting Initial Coin Offerings, or ICOs.

    Initial Coin Offerings have become very popular recently as a way for crypto start-ups to raise funds for their ventures using digital tokens (cryptocurrency) like Bitcoin or Ethers. They operate on a blockchain, which is a decentralized digital ledger of publicly and chronologically-recorded cryptocurrency transactions. Investopedia gives a wonderfully detailed breakdown of how ICOs work. You can read it here or watch an explanation by technologist and author of The Internet of Money and Mastering Bitcoin Andreas Antonopoulos here.

    Basically, with the birth of the ICO came the emergence of a whole new market – one with a great deal of money floating around that the federal government couldn’t take by force. Naturally, this had to be investigated, and on July 25, the SEC released a Report of Investigation under Section 21(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

    The investigation zeroed in on the DAO, a distributed autonomous organization that set the record for the largest crowdfunding campaign in history, raising over $150 million in ether in 2016. According to the report published by the SEC:

    The Commission applied existing U.S. federal securities laws to this new paradigm, determining that DAO Tokens were securities. The Commission stressed that those who offer and sell securities in the U.S. are required to comply with federal securities laws, regardless of whether those securities are purchased with virtual currencies or distributed with blockchain technology.”

    Good Luck!

    Or, as crowdfunding lawyer Amy Y. Wan explains the press release amounts to the SEC saying: “For those of you out there doing ICOs, we’re here to warn you that U.S. securities laws might apply. When we say might, we mean just that – sometimes securities law will apply, sometimes it won’t. It depends on the specific facts of the ICO.”

    Okay, so the government wants to regulate virtual tokens, aka cryptocurrency. Good luck. As blockchain engineer Elaine Ou pointed out on Twitter, ICO’s are “Untraceable, international, [have] no central authority, [and] funds can’t be frozen. The SEC ICO warning is the best ad for ICO’s.”

    So while the government can – and will – continue to make the lives of innocent people miserable using weapons like civil asset forfeiture, crypto regulations, web-provider takedowns, and the war on drugs, these are all last ditch efforts by a desperate ruling class on its death bed.

    The creativity and resilience human beings possess do not exist within the jurisdiction of the government – no matter how hard it tries to convince us otherwise.

    Reprinted from The Anti-Media.


    Josie Wales

    Josie Wales, journalist for the Anti-Media, is a writer, public speaker, YouTube personality, and activist from Philadelphia. She is also a tech writer for d10e, and formerly worked as an editor and contributing writer at The Free Thought Project. Josie covers disruptive technology, artificial intelligence, innovation, tech solutions, and digital privacy issues for Anti-Media.

    This article was originally published on FEE.org. Read the original article.