• Tag Archives BOINC
  • Digital Archaeology: Dell Inspiron 9400

    The Inspiron line has long been Dell’s main consumer laptop models. The Inspiron 9400 was released in the 2005 time frame. It is for all practical purposes identical to the Inspiron E1705 and in fact the manuals were shared. They just had different default configuration options and were targeted at different markets. It is also substantially the same as the M90 and XPS models of the same time period, again, with different default configuration options.

    The Inspiron 9400 supported an incredibly large range of hardware options. There were multiple motherboards used. One supported add-in video cards such as the FX2500M, GeForce Go 7800 and 7900GTX among others while the second motherboard option only supported Intel’s integrated graphics. Display options included a 17″ Wide Screen WXGA+ (1440×900) panel or a 17″ Ultrasharp Wide Screen WUXGA (1920×1200) panel. The processor could be anything from a single core 32-bit Core Solo T1300 running at 1.66 GHz all the way up to 64-bit Core 2 Duo T7600 running at 2.33 GHz.

    My particular Inspiron 9400 is among the lower end models. Specs include:

    • CPU: Core Duo T2080 @ 1.73 GHz
    • Chipset: Intel 945
    • Graphics: Mobility Radeon X1400
    • Memory: 2GB DDR2-533 (2x512MB)
    • Display: 17″ WXGA+ (1440×900)
    • Hard Drive: ST9129822AS 120GB 5400RPM Serial-ATA/150 8MB buffer
    • Optical Drive: TSSTcorp TS-L632D DVD+-RW
    • Ethernet: Broadcom BCM4401-80 100Base-TX
    • Wi-Fi: Broadcom BCM4311 802.11b/g WLAN

    Plus tons of expansion slots and ports including 4 USB 2.0 ports, an ExpressCard 54mm slot, FireWire, 5-in-1 Flash Reader, headphone and microphone connections, 1 DVI-D, 1 VGA, and 1 S-Video Out.

    As far as upgrade possibilities, a Core 2 Duo T7600 could be added and up to 4GB of 667MHz DDR2 RAM is supported. This laptop has what is probably the best graphics option, at least in retrospect. The ATI X1400 is faster than the Intel option and more reliable than the nVidia options which had heat and solder issues (though they werer certainly faster). Unfortunately, it has the lower resolution screen option otherwise it would be a better candidate for upgrade.

    This laptop was made with Windows XP and Vista in mind. It is also capable of running Windows 7 and even Windows 10 (though some more RAM would be needed). However, operating systems supporting 32-bit CPUs are gettig pretty hard to find these days. Windows 10 dropped support in 2020. I’m currently running a 32-bit version of Debian which is the only mainstream Linux distribution I am aware of that still does new 32-bit releases. The Insprion 9400 is capable of being upgraded to 64-bit CPUs as mentioned above, however it is still limited to about 4 GB of RAM due to limitations of the chipset.

    Like pretty much any computer I ever own, this one is running BOINC whenever it is turned on. The only projects it seems to get work for out of my normal selection is einstein@home and milkyway@home. I think that is because most projects no longer support 32-bit CPUs. You can see how it is doing overall via Free-DC or BOINCstats.

    Overall, this seems to be a pretty solid laptop with a great deal of expansion possibility for its time. The build quality is decent and the keyboard feels pretty good. However, it isn’t as nice in that regard as later Latitudes and Precisions. Despite pushing the CPU at 100% all the time with BOINC, it runs cool and quiet. The large size no doubt helps some with that, plus it has a relatively low end CPU at the moment that is probably on the cooler end. If I had been in the market for a laptop at the time this one was being sold, it probably would have been a top contender (though with a Core 2 Duo CPU and the higher resolution screen).

    Despite having some fairly significant upgrade potential, I doubt I will be upgrading this one. I would rather start with the model with the higher resolution screen if I were going to bother. Having said that, there’s a good chance I have a Core 2 Duo that would work and some extra memory so who knows. It at least has what I consider to be the best GPU option overall.

    Check out the complete specs of this laptop here.


  • Seti@home to End March 31st

    This post serves as my first post using Steempress if all goes well…

    It’s a sad day for distributed computing participants (many of us anyway). They plan to send out their last work units on March 31st and go into “hibernation” until, perhaps, another project comes along. Seti@home will shift focus to analyzing results.

    Here’s the announcement:

    On March 31, the volunteer computing part of SETI@home will stop distributing work and will go into hibernation.

    We’re doing this for two reasons:

    1) Scientifically, we’re at the point of diminishing returns; basically, we’ve analyzed all the data we need for now.

    2) It’s a lot of work for us to manage the distributed processing of data. We need to focus on completing the back-end analysis of the results we already have, and writing this up in a scientific journal paper.

    However, SETI@home is not disappearing. The web site and the message boards will continue to operate. We hope that other UC Berkeley astronomers will find uses for the huge computing capabilities of SETI@home for SETI or related areas like cosmology and pulsar research. If this happens, SETI@home will start distributing work again. We’ll keep you posted about this.

    If you’re currently running SETI@home on your computer, we encourage you to attach to other BOINC-based projects as well. Or use Science United and sign up to do astronomy. You can stay attached to SETI@home, of course, but you won’t get any jobs until we find new applications.

    We’re extremely grateful to all of our volunteers for supporting us in many ways during the past 20 years. Without you there would be no SETI@home. We’re excited to finish up our original science project, and we look forward to what comes next.

    Seti@home was the first public distributed computing project that most people were aware of. I started crunching my first work unit on May 17th, 1999, nearly 21 years ago. Some people may feel that other projects are more valuable. Projects like Rosetta and World Community Grid for diseases or Einstein and Milkyway for astronomy (all of which I participate in too) among many others. However, these likely would have never existed if not for Seti@home because Seti@home led directly to the later development of BOINC which made all those projects possible.

    My current stats are up at the top (I’m going to see if I can make it into the top 1% by project end…I’m very close).


  • Listening to starlight: Our ongoing search for alien intelligence

    Six hours a day, seven days a week, for four straight months. That’s how long radio astronomer Frank D. Drake pointed the 26-meter telescope at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) research facility in Green Bank, West Virginia, toward the heavens, looking for signs of intelligent life beyond Earth. He dubbed his efforts Project Ozma, in honor of the Queen of Oz from L. Frank Baum’s famed children’s book series.

    Between April and July of 1960, Drake recorded some 150 hours of tape speckled with radio noise. While no meaningful encoded signals or patterns emerged from those readings, Drake still earned himself a place in history for performing what would become the first scientific search for extraterrestrial intelligence in the modern era.

    Since then, research organizations around the world have performed nearly 100 SETI (search for extraterrestrial intelligence) experiments. Even NASA got in on the hunt, working with the SETI Institute between 1988 and 1993, when Sen. Richard Bryan (a Democrat from Nevada) introduced an amendment that cut the program’s government funding.

    But as the next generation of telescopes come online, like the upcoming Webb Space Telescope or dedicated planet hunter the Kepler Telescope, the scientific community is beginning to warm to the idea of SETI as not just a valid scientific discipline but an essential one. “I think people are kind of coming around to the idea that SETI as a scientific endeavor is one that’s worth pursuing,” Croft added. Especially, “when we can answer a scientific question or attempt to answer the scientific question are we alone in the universe?”

    The SETI Institute of California is trying to do just that. The 33-year-old organization formed in 1984 with the mission of understanding the origins and nature of life in the universe. It employs 120 staffers, 75 of whom are PhD-level researchers, and conducts research among 22 fields of inquiry over seven branches of research: astronomy and astrophysics, geoscience, exoplanets and exploration, exobiology and SETI.

    For its SETI efforts, the Institute relies on radio and optical telescopes. On the radio side, the Institute leverages its Allen Telescope Array (ATA), a 42-dish setup located at Hat Creek Radio Observatory, nearly 300 miles Northeast of San Francisco. It can scan four octaves of radio frequency and generates roughly 55 terabytes of data every day. Unlike conventional radio telescopes used for radio astronomy, the ATA scans a broader swath of the radio spectrum, albeit at a lower sensitivity.

    The group is also working with Paul Horowitz, a physicist and electrical engineer at Harvard, to develop “all sky all the time optical SETI survey systems” where the ATA would perform wide surveys of the sky while other, more sensitive telescopes — like the Lick — would follow up with more focused surveys covering a smaller portion of sky.

    For its optical surveys, the Institute splits its time between the UC Berkeley’s Lick Observatory and the Harvard Haystack telescope. These telescopes are looking for laser emissions, specifically. These could be from any number of alien sources including communication arrays, weapon tests or transportation (hello, laser sails). “But in any case a monochromatic high-intensity highly focused coherent beam of light would be a fairly indicative sign of technology that could potentially be seen from very far away,” Bill Diamond, CEO of the SETI Institute explained.

    However, both the radio and optical instruments have noticeable limitations. While humankind is theoretically capable of blasting a laser beam into space that is 10,000 times stronger than the sun, Diamond continued, “there isn’t an instrument on Earth that can detect an Earth-like planet with Earth-like leakage of electromagnetic radiation.” This leakage refers to the general emission of radio signals a civilization gives off through its various technologies, rather than powerful, highly focused signals intentionally designed to get another planet’s attention. And while using overlapping technologies, as in the case of the SETI Institute-Horowitz collaboration, can boost our relative capabilities, it’s still not good enough to intercept complex communications that rely on, say, wideband carrier signals.

    “We don’t want to make too many assumptions about the kind of signals that an extraterrestrial civilization might be sending,” Croft said. “It might not be kind of a simple tone. You know a transmission which is a single frequency will have a drifting tone because it is on a planet that’s going around a star.” Who knows, maybe Frank Drake did find an alien message in that radio static but it’s encoded in a manner that researchers haven’t yet been able to identify and decipher. “They might be sending some kind of complicated data; we make all sorts of complicated transmissions ourselves as humans,” Croft concluded.

    This technological wall has spurned SETI researchers to seek out more effective means of scouring the galaxy. In the case of Berkeley’s Breakthrough Listen project, that involved securing a 10-year, $100 million funding grant from Yuri Milner, a Russian entrepreneur, and physicist Stephen Hawking. This money will be used to buy time on two of the world’s most powerful telescopes (the Green Bank in West Virginia and the Parkes in Australia).

    Over the past 18 months, the Breakthrough Listen Initiative has also teamed with the SETI@Home project, run by a team from UC Berkeley, to process a portion of the data generated each day. SETI@Home launched in 1999 as a means of distributing the computational workload that analyzing dozens of terabytes of radio signal data generated by the Arecibo telescope across hundreds of thousands of personal desktop computers. “Actually Berkeley and the SETI Institute have a long history together,” Diamond said. “Berkeley was involved with us in the very early days of developing the Allen Telescope Array, so we go back a long time. ”

    The program currently only has around 150,000 volunteers (down from a peak of 1.5 million users) and “we’re getting back into our problem again in that the telescope can generate far more data than we can analyze with the best sensitivity,” said Dr. Eric Korpela, head of the SETI@Home project.

    The Breakthrough Listen Initiative has a “pipeline” that divides 1 GHz of spectrum into 3hz channels (330 million in total) that are scanned for potential signals. You want the channels to be as narrow as possible in order to maximize the sensitivity, however, as both the Earth and whatever exoplanet the telescope is looking at move through their respective solar systems, signals tend to “drift” in frequency. “You want to use computer power to correct for that motion,” Korpela explained, although the process is incredibly CPU-intensive. But that’s exactly what SETI@Home is trying to do.

    However, even with the million-odd CPU cores at SETI@Home’s disposal, analyzing all that data is still slow going. Its volunteers only account for around 2 percent of the Breakthrough Listen Initiative’s analytical power. The program simply doesn’t have enough volunteers to keep up with the demand. And the fact that many people have ditched their desktops for mobile devices is not helping either.

    “It is an issue that we worry about,” Korpela admitted. “We do have an app for Android. The processors that are in a typical phone right now are not comparable with what are in most desktops, but they’re certainly better than a processor from 1999.” The app is currently running on 22,000 volunteer mobile devices, or around 15 percent of the total base. However, these devices are only contributing 2.3 TFLOP/s of processing, 0.5 percent of the program’s total computational power. As such, SETI@Home doesn’t face a technological hurdle in accelerating its search for intelligent extraterrestrial life so much as a societal one.

    “But given that there are a couple billion Android devices out there,” Korpela mused, “there are another 200 petaFLOP/s out there that we haven’t tapped yet.” The SETI@Home team hopes to garner new interest in their efforts when they release their report from the Breakthrough Listen Initiative this fall.

    Source: Listening to starlight: Our ongoing search for alien intelligence