| Sources |
- [source4071151163] Tudor Place - Thomas KNOLLYS, (Publication Date: 15 APR 2024
Media: Website / URL).
Thomas KNOLLYS
Born: 1350, North Mymms, Hertfordshire , England
Died: 15 Sep 1435
Father: Robert KNOLLYS (Sir)
Mother: Constance BEVERLEY
Married: Joan ?
Children:
1. Thomas KNOLLYS
2. Robert KNOLLYS
3. Isabel KNOLLYS
4. Richard KNOLLYS
5. Margaret KNOLLYS
6. Joan KNOLLYS
http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/KNOLLYS.htm
- [source4071151164] WikiTree - Thomas Knollys (abt. 1368 - 1435), (Publication Date: 15 APR 2024
Media: Website / URL).
Sir Thomas "Lord Mayor of London" Knollys
Born about 1368 in London, Middlesex, Englandmap [uncertain]
Son of [father unknown] and [mother unknown]
[sibling(s) unknown]
Husband of Joan (Unknown) Knollys — married [date unknown] in Hertfordshire,
Father of Beatrice (Knollys) Bedham, Margery (Knollys) Chichley, Thomas Knollys, William Knollys and Margaret Knollys
Died 1435 at about age 67 in London,
Biography
Thomas Knolles was notable as Sheriff, then twice Mayor of London[1][2] In 1400, he directed the rebuilding of Guildhall, London's "city hall," and main administrative building at the time. He was also a member of the Grocers Company in the City of London, a guild which oversaw the purity of spices and authentication of weights and measures. [3] Another of his charitable works was to organise and finance the building of a water system to bring water to the prisons of Ludgate and Newgate. [4]
His first known position of responsibility was as warden of the grocers company in 1387/88, an office he held once more at the further end of his career (1431/32). By the time of his first tenure he was probably already in his mid to late 30s, and his business must have been doing well. The debts for which he sued indicated that he had sizeable amounts of money to invest in his business ventures. [5]
His election as alderman of Dowgate ward in 1393 was preceded by him acting as auditor of accounts of the city guardian of orphans on two occasions, and his status was also recognised when he was chosen to be among 24 commoners accompanying other city dignitaries to Nottingham to meet with the king in 1392. In 1397 he transferred from Dowgate to Cordwainer ward, remaining its alderman until his death in 1435. [5]
Soon after being made an alderman, he was elected a city sheriff (1394/95) and subsequently served two mayoral terms, in 1399/1400 and 1410/11. During his second term he started the project to rebuild the Guildhall on a grand scale; also contributing a large sum towards the construction of a new hall for the Grocers Company. He represented the city at the parliament of 1416. [5] [6]
In 1428 he purchased three quarters of the manor of North Mymms, Hertfordshire. Since 1391 he had already owned a quarter share, so his purchase from William Swonlond effectively gave him the lordship of the manor.[7] It appears his wife Joan had management of these Hertfordshire estates, but things did not always go smoothly. Thomas became involved in a number of disputes, one of which involved her attempt to raise the rents of the tenants. The previous owner of the manor deplored Knolles’s mercenary and extortionate behaviour, while one of the tenants is recorded as saying
howe heynousely the pore tenantes cursed hym for his wrongfulle vexacion, And shewed how somme of theym were woxen madde, And somme were ronne awey for sorow, by whiche langage the same Knolles was gretely moeved. [6]
His known children from his marriage to Joan (last name not known) included[8]:
son Thomas (grocer)
son William (grocer, burgess and merchant of Bristol)
daughter Beatrice (relict of Richard Grosselyn)
daughter Margaret
daughter Margery
He is also remembered for having St. Antholin's Church in Watling Street , London rebuilt. This is where Thomas was eventually buried with his wife, Joan. [9]Thomas Knolles died between 29 June and 11 July 1435 [6] and his epitaph has been recorded as follows:
Here lieth graven under this stone, Thomas Knolles, both flesh and bone, Grocer and Alderman years forty, Sheriff and twice Mayor truly. And for that he should not lie alone, hear with him his good wife Joan. They were together sixty year and XIX children they had in fear. [10] (Spelling has been standardised for ease of reading.)
His will, dated 20 May 1435, was proved 11 July 1435 at Lambeth, where it is still preserved. There were three codicils to his will which related more to business matters rather than family.
Will Transcription
In the name of God, Amen. I, Thomas Knolles senior, citizen and grocer of London, being of sound mind and body and with good memory, on 20 May 1435 in the 13th year of the reign of King Henry VI, make and set out this my testament in the following manner. First, I leave and commend my soul to almighty God, my creator and my saviour, to the Blessed Virgin Mary his mother, and to all the saints, and my body to be buried in the church of St. Antholin, London. I bequeath to the high altar of that church, [in recompense] for forgotten offerings, ten pounds. To each stipendiary chaplain of the church, 6s.8d to pray for my soul. I bequeath 13s.4d to the principal cleric of that church and 6s.8d to his assistant there. I bequeath £20 to be spent on repairs to the fabric of the church, on whatever is of greatest need or most appropriate. I bequeath to each of the four orders of friars in London – that is, the Friars Preacher, the Minorites, the Carmelites, and the Augustinians – 40s. to pray for my soul. I bequeath to the hospital of St. Mary of Bethlem outside Bishopsgate, London, 20s. to be distributed among the infirm residents. For the same purpose, I bequeath 20s. to the hospital of St. Mary without Bishopsgate.
I bequeath to my son Thomas Knolles each and all household items, decorations, utensils, cloths, bed fittings, table linens, precious objects and vessels of gold and silver, whether gilded or not, that are part of my residence – that is, in the hall, the chamber, the storeroom, the kitchen, and other parts of my house. I bequeath to my son William Knolles £66.13s.4d, wishing that this sum be in the safekeeping of my son Thomas, who is to use his good discretion in paying it out to my son William. I bequeath £66.13s.4d to each of Robert and Richard, sons of my son Thomas Knolles, and to Beatrice his daughter; it is my wish that all those children of my son Thomas, while they are in their minority and until they are married, together with the £200 I have bequeathed them, be and remain in the custody, under the control, and at the disposition of the children's father Thomas Knolles, under guarantees made in relation to the same before the mayor and aldermen of London, without any interest being due thereon. If any of the children of my son Thomas should die before reaching the age of majority or before getting married, then I wish and bequeath that the share of the deceased individual be turned over and remain to he or they of the surviving children; this to apply to each of them. If all the children of my son Thomas should die before reaching the age of majority or before getting married, then I leave the above bequest of £200 for my son Thomas or his executors to put towards, dispose of, and distribute for [the benefit of] my soul and the souls of my late wife Joan, my parents, our benefactors and all those to whom we are obliged, and all the faithful deceased; such as through the celebration of masses, hand-outs to the poor, road repairs, dowries for poor girls of good reputation, discharge of the debts of those imprisoned as debtors, and other works of charity and compassion such as seem best to Thomas or his executors, with the intent of pleasing God and furthering the salvation of my soul and the other souls mentioned.
I bequeath to my daughters Beatrice, Margery, and Margaret – that is, to each of them – a gold ring worth a hundred shillings. I bequeath to Joan the wife of Robert Shelley esq. a gold ring worth a hundred shillings. I bequeath twenty pounds to the fabric of North Mymms church. I bequeath 6s.8d to each of my poor tenants at North Mymms. I bequeath £5 to Thomas Bryght; and £6.13s.4d to my servant John Helder. I bequeath £3.6s.8d to my servant Alice Geret. I bequeath 40s. to my servant Alice Haukyns. I bequeath 40s. to the nuns of Sopwell, to pray for my soul. I bequeath 40s. to the nuns of Pray, to intercede for my soul. I bequeath £13.6s.8d to my servant William Harry, on condition that William shows diligence in supporting and helping my executors to collect all my debts.
I bequeath twenty pounds to be distributed and disposed of among poor London householders, wherever it can be applied to most effect, at the best judgement of my executors. I bequeath £10 to be disposed of among the poor and the needy residing in the parish of St. Antholin. I bequeath £10 to be disposed of among poor men of my mystery in London, applied wherever it seems to my executors needed and appropriate. I bequeath 4d. to each person incarcerated in the prisons of Newgate, Ludgate, Fleet, Marshalsea, and King's Bench, to pray for my soul. I wish my executors to reward all my other servants whom I have not named in this testament; that is, to each of them according to the good service they have given me, according to the best judgement of my executors. I bequeath one hundred pounds to dispose of in discharging those held in the prisons of Ludgate and Newgate for debts of forty pounds and more, giving to those imprisoned a hundred shillings in each case where having it will bring about their release, without any deceit, fraud or deception.
I bequeath twenty pounds to each of my executors for willingly shouldering the burden of fulfilling this my testament. As for the residue of all my goods, chattels, and debts [owed me], wherever they may be (after my own debts have been paid, my burial has been duly and properly taken care of, and this my testament has been fulfilled) I give and bequeath them in their entirety to be put towards, distributed, and disposed of for my soul and the other souls mentioned, by my executors – especially, chiefly, and principally by my son Thomas Knolles my chief executor – both through the celebration of masses, hand-outs to the poor, road repairs, dowries for poor girls of good reputation, and discharge of the debts of those imprisoned as debtors, and through the purchase of russet cloth to be made into gowns to clothe and attire poor and needy men and women; [this to be done] to [my] best advantage, whether in the city of London or in the countryside, along with other charitable works such as seems to my son Thomas most likely to please God and further the salvation of my soul and the other souls mentioned.
Of this my testament I make, designate and appoint my son Thomas Knolles as my chief executor and Richard Hakedy citizen and grocer of London as his co-executor and assistant, to carry out truly and faithfully each and every thing specified above. In testimony to which, I have set to my seal to this document. Drawn up at London on the above date. [5]
Research Notes
Knollys is said by Dugdale to have been descended from Sir Robert Knollys or Knolles (d 1407), the soldier, but, according to Sidney Lee in the Dictionary of National Biography, this is an error. Discussing Francis Knolly's, Lee states: "Sir Francis's pedigree cannot be authentically traced beyond Sir Thomas [11] One thought is that Thomas was a son of Richard Knollys, brother of the Robert given here as his father. As there are currently no known reliable sources for the parents of Thomas he has been disconnected from Robert Knollys and Catherine Beverly who were previously connected as his parents.
He has not yet been proved to be an ancestor of Sir Francis Knollys.
Sources
↑ Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. III, p. 157-158
↑ Wallop Family, Vol. 4, line 583
↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Worshipful Company of Grocers," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Worshipful_Company_of_Grocers&oldid=954602459 (accessed June 28, 2020).
↑ Amy Appleford Learning to Die in London, 1380-1540 University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015 Google Books
↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 E.F. Jacob, ed. The Register of Henry Chichele, Archbishop of Canterbury 1414-1443, vol.2, Canterbury and York Society, no.42 (1937), 519-26, 564-68, 615-20. The wills and testaments of three London grocers Thomas Knolles Sen
↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1386-1421, ed. J.S. Roskell, L. Clark, C. Rawcliffe., 1993 Available from Boydell and Brewer - KNOLLES, Thomas (d.1435), of London [https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1386-1421/member/knolles-thomas-1435 HOP
↑ "Parishes: North Mimms," in A History of the County of Hertford: Volume 2, ed. William Page (London: Victoria County History, 1908), 251-261. British History Online, accessed June 27, 2020, http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/herts/vol2/pp251-261.
↑ Sylvia L. Thrupp The Merchant Class of Medieval London, 1300-1500 University of Michigan Press, 1989 Google books
↑ Wikipedia contributors, "St Antholin, Budge Row," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, St Antholin (accessed June 27, 2020).
↑ E. Cave, 1790 The Gentleman's Magazine Google Books
↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Thomas Knollys," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Thomas Knollys (accessed January 30, 2019).
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Knollys-15
- [source4071151165] GENi - Sir Thomas Knollys, Lord Mayor of London, (Publication Date: 27 APR 2022
Media: Website / URL).
Sir Thomas Knollys, I, Lord Mayor of London
Also Known As: "Lord Mayor of London"
Birthdate: circa 1360
Birthplace: London, Middlesex, England
Death: 1435 (70-80)
London, Middlesex, England
Place of Burial: City of London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom
Immediate Family:
Son of Richard Knollys
Husband of Agnes Apuldrefield and Joan Knolles
Father of Margery Chichley (Knollys); Thomas Knolles, II; Margaret Knolles; William Knolles and Beatrice Bedham
Occupation: Lord Mayor of London, Citizen and Grocer
Managed by: Private User
Last Updated: April 27, 2022
About Sir Thomas Knollys, Lord Mayor of London
Sir Thomas Knolles (d. 1435)
Sheriff of London from 1394—1395 CE. Mayor from 1399—1400 CE. Member of the Grocers’ Company.
Sir Thomas Knollys or Knolles (died 1435) was an English businessman in London who was active in both local and national government. He held a Membership in the Worshipful Company of Grocers -- The Company was responsible for maintaining standards for the purity of spices and for the setting of certain weights and measures.
He has not yet been proved to be an ancestor of Sir Francis Knollys.
Biography
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Knollys
Sir Thomas Knollys (died 1435) was Sheriff of London in 1395 and Lord Mayor of London in 1399 and 1410.
Lord-mayor Knollys was a member of the Grocers' Company. He directed in 1400 the rebuilding of the Guildhall, and he also rebuilt St. Antholin's Church in Watling Street, where he was buried with his wife Joan. His will, dated 20 May 1435, was proved 11 July 1435 at Lambeth, where it is still preserved.
Origins
Born about 1350, he was once thought to be descended from the soldier Sir Robert Knollys but modern sources give his father as Richard. There were obviously close links with Sir Robert, who named Thomas as one of his executors in 1389.[3][4]
Career
Before 1387 he had become a member of the Grocers' Company, which he served as warden and as master, contributing to the building of their new hall in Poultry and to the rebuilding of the guild church of St. Antholin in Watling Street, where he lived. In addition to his main business interests in goods and properties, he also became a major financier, lending extensively to other businessmen and to the government.[3][4]
In local government, he was an alderman by 1393, Sheriff of London in 1394 and twice served as Lord Mayor in 1399 and in 1410, in his second term being responsible for rebuilding the Guildhall.[3][4]
In two brief royal appointments, he was collector of customs duties on wool for London in 1400 and joint treasurer of war finances in 1404.[3][4] In October 1416 he became an MP for the City of London as one of the two aldermanic representatives.[5]
In addition to his London properties, in 1391 he bought and later extended a country estate at North Mimms in Hertfordshire.[3] After 1484, upon the death of his grandson Robert without sons, moieties of the property were inherited by Robert's two daughters: Anne who married Henry Frowick, and Elizabeth the wife of James Stracheley.[6]
He was buried in St Antholin's beside his wife and his will made on 20 May 1435 was proved on 11 July 1435 at Lambeth.[1][7]
Family
By 1371 he had married Joan (died 1431) who in their sixty years together had nineteen children, of whom four sons and three daughters survived their father. His eldest son Thomas (died 1446), who inherited his businesses and properties, was through his younger son Richard the ancestor of the courtier Sir Francis Knollys.[3][4]
His known children from his marriage to Joan (last name not known) included[8]:
son Thomas (grocer)
son William (grocer, burgess and merchant of Bristol)
daughter Beatrice (relict of Richard Grosselyn)
daughter Margaret
daughter Margery
He is also remembered for having St. Antholin's Church in Watling Street , London rebuilt. This is where Thomas was eventually buried with his wife, Joan. [9]Thomas Knolles died between 29 June and 11 July 1435 [6] and his epitaph has been recorded as follows:
Here lieth graven under this stone, Thomas Knolles, both flesh and bone, Grocer and Alderman years forty, Sheriff and twice Mayor truly. And for that he should not lie alone, hear with him his good wife Joan. They were together sixty year and XIX children they had in fear. [10] (Spelling has been standardised for ease of reading.)
His will, dated 20 May 1435, was proved 11 July 1435 at Lambeth, where it is still preserved. There were three codicils to his will which related more to business matters rather than family.
Family Notes
As there are currently no known reliable sources for the parents of Thomas he has been disconnected from Robert Knollys and Catherine Beverly who were previously connected as his parents.
Knollys is said to have been was a forebear of Robert Knollys (great-great-grandson) and Francis Knollys (Robert's son).
Knollys is said by Dugdale to have been descended from Sir Robert Knollys or Knolles (d 1407), the soldier, but, according to Sidney Lee in the Dictionary of National Biography, this is an error. Discussing Francis Knollys, Lee states: "Sir Francis's pedigree cannot be authentically traced beyond Sir Thomas Knollys ... from whom Sir Francis's father was fifth in descent".
Re:
”Sir Thomas Knollys, Lord Mayor of London was born to Sir Robert Knollys and Lady Constance de Beverley. He was twice married, firstly o a lady named Isabell. From this union was born a son and a daughter: Robert Knollys c.1402-1485, and Margery Knollys 1416-1444.”
Evidence needed ...
Research Notes
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Knollys-15
Knollys is said by Dugdale to have been descended from Sir Robert Knollys or Knolles (d 1407), the soldier, but, according to Sidney Lee in the Dictionary of National Biography, this is an error. Discussing Francis Knolly's, Lee states: "Sir Francis's pedigree cannot be authentically traced beyond Sir Thomas [11] One thought is that Thomas was a son of Richard Knollys, brother of the Robert given here as his father.
He has not yet been proved to be an ancestor of Sir Francis Knollys.
Property Notes
'Parishes: North Mimms', in A History of the County of Hertford: Volume 2, ed. William Page (London, 1908), pp. 251-261. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/herts/vol2/pp251-261 [accessed 16 May 2021].
n 1388 William de Kesteven sold his share of the manor to the farmer of its other three parts, Beatrix Mountviron. (fn. 51) Beatrix had in 1391 become the widow of William Bakton, and as such she sold her fourth part of the manor to Thomas Knolles and Joan his wife for a hundred marks of silver. (fn. 52)
This Thomas Knolles, lord of all the manor of North Mimms, died in 1435–6, and left as his heir a son Thomas, (fn. 53) who, like his father, is called citizen and grocer of London. (fn. 54) He devised the manor to his son Robert, who came into possession in 1446, and in that year settled it on himself and his heirs, with remainder to his brother Richard, in tail male. (fn. 55) In 1457 Robert did homage to Richard duke of York for the manor which he held of the honour of Clare by military service, (fn. 56) and in 1478 he paid 6s. 8d. which he owed for suit at the court of the same honour. (fn. 57) In 1483 he discharged to the feodary of Essex and Hertfordshire the suit due from North Mimms to the honour of Stamlorne, (fn. 58) and in 1484 he paid 3s. 4d. to the feodary of the duchy of Lancaster in Essex and Hertfordshire, as suit of court to the honour of Mandeville. (fn. 59) Further, in 1484 he paid 4s. 4d. due to the sheriff of Hertfordshire, to the gardener of the 'king's grenewey,' (fn. 60) and in 1447, as the holder of one knight's fee in North Mimms, he contributed 2s. to the aid for the marriage of Princess Anne, the king's eldest daughter. (fn. 61)
From findagrave
Sir Thomas Knollys
Birth: unknown
Death: 1435
Burial: St Antholin's Church, London, City of London, Greater London, England
Plot: St Antholin's church and these memorials were destroyed in the Fire of London in 1666.
Memorial #: 100360143
Bio: Sir Thomas Knollys, Lord Mayor of London was born to Sir Robert Knollys and Lady Constance de Beverley. He was twice married, firstly o a lady named Isabell. From this union was born a son and a daughter: Robert Knollys c.1402-1485, and Margery Knollys 1416-1444. He held a Membership in the Worshipful Company of Grocers -- The Company was responsible for maintaining standards for the purity of spices and for the setting of certain weights and measures. Epitaph: Thomas Knolles, citizen and grocer, inherited the manor of North Mymms but only enjoyed possession for ten years. He was also a great benefactor to the church of St Antholin in Budge Row, where he was buried "under a faire marble stone, thus sometime engraven but now quite taken away for the gain of the brasse". The following was the epitaph: Thomas Knolles lyeth undre this stone And his wyff Isabell, flesh and bone; They weren togeder nyntene yere, And x chyldren they had in fere. His Fader and he to this Chyrch Many good dedys they did wyrch. Example by him ye may see That this world is but vanitie; For, wheder he be smal or gret, All sall turne to wormy mete. This seyd Thomas was leyd on Bere The eighth day the moneth Fevrer, The date of Jesu Crist truly An Mcccc five and forty. Wee may not prey, hertely prey yeFor owr Soulys, Pater Noster and Ave, The sooner of owr peyne lessid to be, Grant us the holy trinite. Amen His will, dated 20 May 1435, was proved 11 July 1435 at Lambeth, where it is still preserved.Sadly, St Antholin's church and these memorials were destroyed in the Fire of London in 1666. (With love and respect, the research and bio is by the 17th great granddaughter of Sir Thomas Knollys)
Family Members
Parents
Robert Knollys 1312-1407
Constance Beverley Knollys 1316-Unknown
Spouse
Joan Knollys
Children
Thomas Knollys Unknown-1445
Maintained by: Todd Whitesides (47553735)
Originally Created by: Audrey DeCamp Hoffman (46783896)
Added: 7 Nov 2012
URL: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/100360143/thomas-knollys
Citation: Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed 06 August 2018), memorial page for Sir Thomas Knollys (unknown–1435), Find A Grave Memorial no. 100360143, citing St Antholin's Church, London, City of London, Greater London, England ; Maintained by Todd Whitesides (contributor 47553735) .
From https://www.northmymmshistory.uk/2018/03/a-short-history-of-knolles...
Sir Thomas Knolles and his wife Joan had already purchased a quarter share from Beatrix Bakston in 1391 for 100 marks of silver and this later consolidation now meant that Sir Thomas was Lord of the manor of North Mymms.
Sir Thomas is said to have been son of Sir Robert Knolles who is mentioned in Froissart's Chronicles and captain in the wars against France, Spain and Brittany under three kings Edward III, Richard II and Henry IV, and was buried with full military honours in Whitefriars, London in 1407. His arms displayed in the church window at North Mymms suggest, at least, that the family believed themselves descended from him.
Whether or not Sir Thomas and his family spent much time there is impossible to gauge, for his business and political interests were centred around London. He lived in Cordwainer Street, was an Alderman, and Lord Mayor twice in 1399 and 1410. Also attributed to him is the church tower of St Mary's at North Mymms, dated around 1428 which would be in keeping with his philanthropic and religious benefactions.
Sir Thomas died in 1435, and was buried with his wife, Joan, in St Antholin's Church in the north aisle.
Thomas Knolles, citizen and grocer, son of Sir Thomas, inherited the manor of North Mymms but only enjoyed possession for ten years.
He directed the rebuilding of the Guildhall in 1400 and was a member of the Grocers company in the City of London.and he also rebuilt St. Antholin's Church in Watling Street, where he was buried with his wife Joan. His will, dated 20 May 1435, was proved 11 July 1435 at Lambeth, where it is still preserved.
Knolleys was a forebear of Robert Knollys (great-great-grandson) and Francis Knollys (Robert's son).
Knollys is said by Dugdale to have been descended from Sir Robert Knollys or Knolles (d 1407), the soldier, but, according to Sidney Lee in the Dictionary of national Biography, this is an error. Discussing Francis knolly's, Lee states: "Sir Francis's pedigree cannot be authentically traced beyond Sir Thomas Knollys ... from whom Sir Francis's father was fifth in descent".
Alternative spellings of Family Name:
Knollys
Knolles
Knowles
Knowls
Knollis
References
https://www.northmymmshistory.uk/2018/03/a-short-history-of-knolles...
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Unknown-540862 cites
Great Britain Court of Common Pleas; Essex Archaeological Society, Colchester, Eng; Kirk, Richard Edward Gent; Kirk, Ernest F; Reaney, Percy Hide; Fitch, Marc Feet of fines for Essex. Edited by R.E.G. Kirk Internet Archive
Mentioned in the Wikipedia entry for her husband. Wikipedia contributors, "Thomas Knollys," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Thomas Knollys (accessed April 28, 2019).
Sylvia L. Thrupp The Merchant Class of Medieval London, 1300-1500 University of Michigan Press, 1989 Google books
"Parishes: North Mimms," in A History of the County of Hertford: Volume 2, ed. William Page (London: Victoria County History, 1908), 251-261. British History Online, accessed June 27, 2020, http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/herts/vol2/pp251-261.
The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1386-1421, ed. J.S. Roskell, L. Clark, C. Rawcliffe., 1993 Available from Boydell and Brewer - KNOLLES, Thomas (d.1435), of London [https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1386-1421/member/k... HOP
E. Cave, 1790 The Gentleman's Magazine Google Books
Reference: WikiTree Genealogy - SmartCopy: Nov 5 2016, 22:53:17 UTC
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knollys_family
http://www.oxforddnb.com/public/index.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Antholin,_Budge_Row The church was "re-edified" at the expense of Sir Thomas Knollys (Mayor of London in 1399 and 1410) and his son, also called Thomas. Both were buried in the church.[1][5] It seems to have been rebuilt again in 1513 by John Tate.[3]
“ Historical Personography. The Map of Early Modern London. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. Victoria: University of Victoria. Accessed June 20, 2018. http://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/historical_personography.htm.
http://users.trytel.com/~tristan/towns/florilegium/lifecycle/lcdth1...
https://www.geni.com/people/Sir-Thomas-Knollys-Lord-Mayor-of-London/4259935644170070408
- [source4071151166] Find a Grave - Thomas Knollys, (Media: Website / URL).
Name Thomas Knollys
Death Date 1435
Event Type Burial
Event Place London, City of London, Greater London, England
Cemetery St Antholin's Church
Photograph Included N
Note Contains Biography
---
Sir Thomas Knollys, Lord Mayor of London was born to Sir Robert Knollys and Lady Constance de Beverley. He was twice married, firstly o a lady named Isabell. From this union was born a son and a daughter: Robert Knollys c.1402-1485, and Margery Knollys 1416-1444.
He held a Membership in the Worshipful Company of Grocers -- The Company was responsible for maintaining standards for the purity of spices and for the setting of certain weights and measures.
Epitaph: Thomas Knolles, citizen and grocer, inherited the manor of North Mymms but only enjoyed possession for ten years. He was also a great benefactor to the church of St Antholin in Budge Row, where he was buried "under a faire marble stone, thus sometime engraven but now quite taken away for the gain of the brasse". The following was the epitaph: Thomas Knolles lyeth undre this stone And his wyff Isabell, flesh and bone; They weren togeder nyntene yere, And x chyldren they had in fere. His Fader and he to this Chyrch Many good dedys they did wyrch. Example by him ye may see That this world is but vanitie; For, wheder he be smal or gret, All sall turne to wormy mete. This seyd Thomas was leyd on Bere The eighth day the moneth Fevrer, The date of Jesu Crist truly An Mcccc five and forty. Wee may not prey, hertely prey yeFor owr Soulys, Pater Noster and Ave, The sooner of owr peyne lessid to be,
Grant us the holy trinite. Amen
His will, dated 20 May 1435, was proved 11 July 1435 at Lambeth, where it is still preserved.
Sadly, St Antholin's church and these memorials were destroyed in the Fire of London in 1666.
"Find a Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVLX-WXVL : 15 June 2022), Thomas Knollys, ; Burial, London, City of London, Greater London, England, St Antholin's Church; citing record ID 100360143, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/100360143/thomas-knollys
- [source4071151167] History of Parliament Online - KNOLLES, Thomas (d.1435), of London., (Publication Date: 15 APR 2024
Media: Website / URL).
ConstituencyDates
LONDON
Oct. 1416
Family and Education
m. ?by 1371, Joan (d.1431), 19 ch.1
Offices Held
Warden of the Grocers’ Co. 1387-8; master July 1431-2.2
Alderman of Dowgate Ward 12 Mar. 1393-7, of Cordwainer Street Ward by 5 Mar. 1398-d.; auditor of London 21 Sept. 1393-4, 1395-6, 1398-9; mayor 13 Oct. 1399-1400, 1410-11.3
Sheriff, London and Mdx. Mich. 1394-5.
Commr. of oyer and terminer, London and Mdx. Jan. 1400, London July 1411 (treasons and felonies); inquiry Mar. 1400 (concealment of deodands), Jan. 1412 (liability for taxation), Dec. 1412, Jan. 1414 (lollards at large), Feb., July 1418 (estates of Sir John Oldcastle*); gaol delivery Jan. 1411; to confiscate goods from alien merchants bef. Feb. 1413.4
Collector of the wool custom, London 18 Nov. 1400-6 Oct. 1401.
Jt. treasurer for the wars 25 Mar.-14 Nov. 1404.5
Biography
This distinguished MP was probably the Thomas Knolles who, in the late 1420s, claimed to have been cheated of property left to him in West Cheap, London, by his father, Richard Knolles. He may well have been a kinsman of Sir Robert Knolles, one of Edward III’s captains in France and a defender of the City during the Peasants’ Revolt of 1381: the two men were clearly on close terms, because on making his will in 1389 Sir Robert named Thomas among his executors.6 Whatever his early background, Knolles had already by this date served a term as warden of the Grocers’ Company. In July 1388 he stood surety before the chamberlain of London for another member of the guild; and over the next five years he was twice called upon to audit accounts compiled by the guardians of young orphans in the City. As ‘a citizen of London of the better sort’, he was one of the four leading parishioners of the grocers’ church of St. Antholin to nominate successive chaplains to a chantry there, despite opposition from the bishop of London, who in 1397 pressed a rival candidate upon them.7 Two years later Knolles and his wife obtained papal indults allowing them to make use of a portable altar and enjoy plenary remission of sins as often as they pleased, concessions which reflect the grocer’s growing social status. His position in the City was in part achieved through commercial success, and although not much evidence of his business dealings has survived it is evident that he was able to invest large sums of capital in his various enterprises, albeit sometimes with little hope of immediate repayment. In 1400, for instance, he was owed £244 by John Gedney (the grocer), who had defaulted upon a bond, and not long afterwards John Alceter, a mercer from Worcester, promised to pay him £40, which he also failed to do. Together with the Cornish tin merchant, John Megre*, Knolles claimed a debt of £20 from Sir Henry Ilcombe* and three others in April 1403: he may have done other business with Megre, since the latter chose him subsequently to act as his executor. Meanwhile, in September 1402, he stood surety for the Genoese merchant Angelo Cyba, who had been summoned to appear at the Guildhall; and he then performed a similar service in Chancery for the executors of Thomas Stanley.8
Knolles’s increasingly generous loans to the Crown also suggest that his fortunes were rising steadily throughout this period. He lent £100 to Richard II at some point before 1397, but in common with most Londoners he was reluctant to offer him credit after this date. He was, on the other hand, more than willing to assist Henry IV, who borrowed heavily from him. Between 13 July 1400 and 9 June 1410 Knolles pledged at least 15 sums ranging from £20 to 500 marks (often on the security of the London customs of which he was himself a collector from 1400 to 1401). It is now impossible to calculate how much money he advanced altogether, although the King was rarely less than £100 in his debt at any one time. The £200 which he promised Henry V for his second expedition to France in 1417 was one of the largest sums then contributed by any individual citizen of London, and was to be repaid out of the wool subsidy due after February 1420. Knolles provided additional finance to the tune of £267 in May 1421; and five years later he joined with a group of Londoners to lend £130 to the Crown. In December 1429 he cashed tallies at the Exchequer for the £100 which Henry VI then owed him, but so far as is known this marks the end of his involvement in government borrowing. Only once, in December 1421 does he appear to have supplied the royal household with merchandise, but it is none the less possible that he also offered the Crown financial help in the form of goods supplied on credit. Certainly, in the summer of 1415, the receiver-general of the duchy of Lancaster was ordered to pay him £200, although the terms of the transaction are not recorded.9 His affairs were, indeed, generally managed on an impressive scale. Some 12 years later, for example, John Reynwell* came before the court of aldermen to recognize a debt of 500 marks which was due to Knolles within a period of four months, and which, for once, appears to have been honoured in full. The payment of £62 made by our Member to the wardens of the Grocer’s Company at about this time was probably a donation towards the cost of building a new hall in Coneyhope Lane, and as such distinguishes him as one of the most outstanding benefactors of the scheme. The company records show that he remained active as a grocer until the end of his life, with a number of young ‘bachelors’ of the guild under his direction, as well as his son, Thomas, who eventually took over the family business.10
A substantial part of Knolles’s income seems to have been invested in land. By 1412 he enjoyed an annual income of about £38 from property in the City alone; and in the year after his death his eldest son, who had inherited most of his estates, was said to receive £120 a year from holdings both in and out of London. At the end of his life, Thomas Knolles the elder owned premises in at least eight city parishes. Some of these shops and tenements had been in his hands since the early 1390s while others were more recent purchases. He also acquired the advowson of the church of St. Margaret Pattens at some point before January 1425 when it passed into the hands of the bishop of London.11 It is not always possible to distinguish Knolles’s property transactions from those of his friends and associates, many of whom (such as Robert Chichele*, William Standon* and Henry Halton*) were prominent among the rulers of London. He was often called upon to act as a feoffee-to-uses, and for this reason the full extent of his own interests cannot now be established.12 His principal acquisition outside London was part of the manor of North Mimms in Hertfordshire, which he bought in 1391 and added to over the years. As lord of the manor he was involved in a number of disputes, two of which are particularly illuminating. For a long period Knolles and the abbots of St. Albans had advanced rival claims to certain rights of Tyttenhanger Heath, but in 1430 Abbot Whethamstead, acknowledging both the strength and deviousness of his adversary, agreed to accept a compromise solution. Whethamstead was himself no mean opponent, so his uncharacteristic display of magnitude may be taken as a rare tribute to the former mayor’s ‘great subtelty’.13 It was at about this time that Knolles encountered far more trenchant opposition from his own tenants, who resented an attempt by his agent to increase their rents. The previous owner of the manor deplored Knolles’s mercenary and extortionate behaviour, while one of the tenants told him to his face
howe heynousely the pore tenantes cursed hym for his wrongfulle vexacion, And shewed how somme of theym were woxen madde, And somme were ronne awey for sorow, by whiche langage the same Knolles was gretely moeved.14
The running of the manor had, in fact, been left to the grocer’s wife and one of his kinsmen, presumably to allow him more time for his business affairs and civic responsibilities. Nor was this the first time that he had sought to rationalize the management of his estates by hiving off the outlying parts. During the 1390s Knolles either sold land in Latton and Harlow in Essex or else settled it upon feoffees. He had evidently disposed of this property by the time of his death, and the nature of his title remains obscure. Most of the other holdings conveyed to him at various times in the home counties, Hampshire, Norfolk, Somerset and Wiltshire were clearly held in trust on behalf of others. He was, for example, a feoffee and executor of Richard Clitheroe I*, who named him as an arbitrator when he was being sued by Robert Ashcombe* in 1411; and he also held property to the use of his fellow grocer, John Welles III*, as well as being a trustee of the influential crown servant, John Hotoft*, and of Thomas, Lord Berkeley.15 On one occasion at least he became involved in a protracted lawsuit over the ownership of land thus settled upon him, being accused by the other claimant of attempting to bribe a jury.16 His co-feoffee, the grocer, Robert Chichele, who faced similar charges, appears to have been one of his closest associates. Both men were a party to each other’s affairs: Knolles even helped to pay off the burden of debts incurred by his friend’s spendthrift nephew, John Chichele, although he had little hope of recovering the loan for some time. He acted as an executor and surety for a number of London grocers, including William Standon and John Oxneye, whose young son became his ward and apprentice, but his connexions went far beyond the confines of his livery company. In 1413, for instance, he offered joint securities of 10,000 marks for Henry Somer*, the chancellor of the Exchequer who was then being impeached by Parliament.17
One of the few eminent citizens to serve two terms as mayor of London during the early 15th century, Knolles played a prominent part in civic affairs for over 40 years. He was among the 24 commoners who were summoned to accompany the dignitaries of London for a meeting with Richard II at Nottingham in June 1392; and, although he played no further part in the King’s quarrel with the City, he was made an alderman in the first elections following the restoration of normal government there. Knolles’s appointment as one of the four treasurers for the wars chosen by Parliament to supervise government expenditure in March 1404 is an indication of his standing and reputation for administrative skill, as well as his importance as a royal creditor. He is not known, however, to have sat in the Commons until 1416 (Oct.), when the most active and demanding part of his career was already behind him. He none the less retained his aldermanry until the time of his death, and attended at least nine of the parliamentary elections held in the City between 1413 and 1431.18 As one of the most celebrated Londoners of his day, Knolles took a great interest in various civic projects, towards which he was a generous benefactor. He is now chiefly remembered for his part in the rebuilding of the Guildhall and of St. Antholin’s church (where he was buried), and for laying on supplies of fresh water to Newgate and Ludgate prisons. He also made a bequest of property to the Grocers’ Company, and left a substantial legacy to the poor of London.19
Thomas Knolles died between 29 June and 11 July 1435. He was survived by at least three daughters and two sons, the younger of whom established a flourishing business as a grocer in Bristol. The descendants of his elder son, Thomas, enjoyed even greater prosperity, one of their number, the courtier, Sir William Knollys†, becoming earl of Banbury in 1626.20
Ref Volumes: 1386-1421
Author: C.R.
Notes
1.J. Amundesham, Chron. S. Albani ed. Riley, i. 59. According to their epitaph, Knolles and his wife ‘weren togeder sixty yere; and nineteen chyldren they had in feer’. Only three daughters and two sons are mentioned in the MP’s will, however (J. Weever, Funeral Mons. 189; Reg. Chichele, ii. 519-21).
2.W. W. Grantham, Wardens Grocers’ Company, 7, 9.
3.Beaven, Aldermen, i. 114, 137; Cal. Letter Bk. London, H, 399, 415, 425, 434, 444, 449; I, 4-5, 10, 89, 97.
4.Cal. Letter Bk. London, I, 1, 99; CIMisc. vii. no. 557.
5.J.H. Wylie, Hen. IV, i. 413-14.
6.C1/31/14; Corporation of London RO, hr 135/88; CCR, 1399-1402, p. 572; Cal. Letter Bk. London, G, 263; H, 166, 173, 269.
7.Cal. Letter Bk. London, H, 75-76, 308, 327; CPR, 1396-9, pp. 208, 417; 1405-8, p. 58; 1408-13, p. 348; SC8/120/5953.
8.C241/189/46, 193/115, 210/33; CCR, 1399-1402, pp. 571, 595-6; Corporation of London RO, hr 148/26; PCC 46 Marche.
9.DL42/17 (2), f. 29v; E401/604, 619, 621-2, 626-7, 631, 635, 639, 644, 650, 652, 696, 698, 723; E403/567, 569, 576, 596, 605, 652, 691; E404/20/125, 148, 21/279; PPC, i. 268, ii. 114; Cal. Letter Bk. London, I, 202.
10.Corporation of London RO, jnl. 2, f. 93; Ms Archs. Grocers’ Company ed. Kingdon, i. 171, ii. 177.
11.Reg. Chichele, ii. 522-6; London Rec. Soc. i. no. 232; CPR, 1399-1401, pp. 407-8; CIMisc. vii. no. 17; Arch. Jnl. xliv. 62; E179/238/90; Corporation of London RO, hr 121/4, 122/38, 156/34-35, 40-41, 160/28, 163/54, 55.
12.Reg. Chichele, ii. 521-2; London Rec. Soc. i. no. 248; CAD, ii. B2226-7, vi. C5950; Corporation of London RO, hr 124/26, 30, 52, 126/8, 129/59, 87, 132/1, 9, 133A/13, 133B/29, 134/26, 135/32, 136/62, 137/13, 15, 98, 138/20, 34-35, 140/6, 141/59, 142/8, 56, 60, 71, 74, 143/12, 146/1, 6, 148/6, 149/29, 152/80, 83, 153/7, 154/7, 12, 155/60, 156/36, 157/8, 22, 158/70, 160/13, 162/4, 11, 165/15, 169/41.
13.VCH Herts. ii. 253, 255, 387; CCR, 1402-5, p. 492; CAD, vi. C6573; Amundesham, i. 255-60.
14.Cal. P. and M. London, 1437-57, pp. 153-5.
15.CP25(1)113/286/192, 231/68/96; E210/4866; Essex Feet of Fines, iii. 214, 222, 262; Norf. Feet of Fines ed. Rye, 406; Cal. P. and M. London, 1413-37, p. 161; CAD, vi. C5214; CCR, 1405-9, p. 111; 1409-13, pp. 302-3, 310, 312-13, 317; 1419-22, pp. 2, 260; 1422-9, p. 88; 1441-7, p. 142; CPR, 1408-13, p. 91; 1416-22, p. 10; 1422-9, pp. 445, 515; 1429-35, p. 115; Cat. Muns. Berkeley Castle ed. Jeayes, 182; Bridgwater Bor. Archs. (Som. Rec. Soc. lviii), 599.
16.C1/5/39; CIMisc. vii. 345, no. 590; CCR, 1419-22, pp. 47, 74; CPR, 1416-22, p. 272; RP, iv. 162.
17.C1/19/309; PCC 22 Marche; Cal. Letter Bk. London, I, 126, 143, 172; Corporation of London RO, hr 129/18, 143/28.
18.Cal. Letter Bk. London, H, 377-8; C219/11/1, 7, 12/2, 4-6, 13/1, 3, 14/2.
19.Reg. Chichele, ii. 519-21; J. Stow, Surv. London ed. Kingsford, i. 37, 108.
20.Reg. Chichele, ii. 519-24; S.L. Thrupp, Merchant Class Med. London, 351; CP, i. 400.
https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1386-1421/member/knolles-thomas-1435#footnote14_o7t8aki
- [source4071151168] Geneanet - Thomas Knollys Lord Mayor of Londo, (Publication Date: 15 APR 2024
Media: Website / URL).
Born in 1360 - North Mimms, Hertfordshire, England, United Kingdom
Deceased in 1435 - London, Middlesex, England, aged 75 years old
Buried in 1435 - London, Middlesex, England
Parents
Robert Knollys 1330-1407
Catherine Beverly ? ca 1335-1390
Spouses and children
Married in 1385, London, Middlesex, England, to Joan x 1365-1405 with
F Isabell Knollys 1376-1461
M Thomas Knollys, III 1390-/1435
https://gw.geneanet.org/ekfannin?lang=en&p=thomas&n=knollys+lord+mayor+of+london
- [source4071151169] Wikipedia - Thomas Knollys, (Publication Date: 29 MAR 2024
Media: Website / URL).
Sir Thomas Knollys or Knolles (died 1435) was an English businessman in London who was active in both local and national government.[1][2][3][4]
Origins
Born about 1350, he was once thought to be descended from the soldier Sir Robert Knollys but modern sources give his father as Richard. There were obviously close links with Sir Robert, who named Thomas as one of his executors in 1389.[3][4]
Career
Before 1387 he had become a member of the Grocers' Company, which he served as warden and as master, contributing to the building of their new hall in Poultry and to the rebuilding of the guild church of St. Antholin in Watling Street, where he lived. In addition to his main business interests in goods and properties, he also became a major financier, lending extensively to other businessmen and to the government.[3][4]
In local government, he was an alderman by 1393, Sheriff of London in 1394 and twice served as Lord Mayor in 1399 and in 1410, in his second term being responsible for rebuilding the Guildhall.[3][4]
In two brief royal appointments, he was collector of customs duties on wool for London in 1400 and joint treasurer of war finances in 1404.[3][4] In October 1416 he became an MP for the City of London as one of the two aldermanic representatives.[5]
In addition to his London properties, in 1391 he bought and later extended a country estate at North Mimms in Hertfordshire.[3] After 1484, upon the death of his grandson Robert without sons, moieties of the property were inherited by Robert's two daughters: Anne who married Henry Frowick, and Elizabeth the wife of James Stracheley.[6]
He was buried in St Antholin's beside his wife and his will made on 20 May 1435 was proved on 11 July 1435 at Lambeth.[1][7]
Family
By 1371 he had married Joan (died 1431) who in their sixty years together had nineteen children, of whom four sons and three daughters survived their father. His eldest son Thomas (died 1446), who inherited his businesses and properties, was through his younger son Richard the ancestor of the courtier Sir Francis Knollys.[3][4]
See also
Knollys family
List of Sheriffs of the City of London
List of Lord Mayors of London
City of London (elections to the Parliament of England)
References
Boase, G. C. (1892). "Knollys, Sir Francis (1511/12–1596), politician". Dictionary of National Biography Vol. XXXI. Smith, Elder & Co. Retrieved 31 December 2007.
The first edition of this text is available at Wikisource: "Knollys, Francis" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
Rawcliffe, C. (1993), "Knolles, Thomas (d. 1435), of London", in J.S. Roskell; L. Clark; C. Rawcliffe (eds.), 'The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1386-1421, Boydell & Brewer, retrieved 31 July 2017
Nightingale, Pamela. "Knolles, Thomas (d. 1435), merchant and mayor of London". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/52250. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
"Chronological list of aldermen: 1302-1400". British History Online. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
William Page, ed. (1908), "Parishes: North Mimms", A History of the County of Hertford: Volume 2, London, pp. 251–261, retrieved 1 August 2017
The text of his will, in Latin, is printed in E.F. Jacob (ed.), The Register of Henry Chichele, Archbishop of Canterbury 1414-1443 Canterbury and York Society, no.42 (Wills), (Oxford University Press 1937), pp. 519-26.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Knollys
- [source4071151160] LHDZ-RKG
FamilySearch.org, (Publication Date: 15 APR 2024
Media: Website / URL).
Sir Thomas Knollys or Knolles (died 1435) was an English businessman in London who was active in both local and national government.
Born about 1350, he was once thought to be descended from the soldier Sir Robert Knollys but modern sources give his father as Richard. There were obviously close links with Sir Robert, who named Thomas as one of his executors in 1389.
Career
Before 1387 he had become a member of the Grocers' Company, which he served as warden and as master, contributing to the building of their new hall in Poultry and to the rebuilding of the guild church of St. Antholin in Watling Street, where he lived. In addition to his main business interests in goods and properties, he also became a major financier, lending extensively to other businessmen and to the government.
In local government, he was an alderman by 1393, Sheriff of London in 1394 and twice served as Lord Mayor in 1399 and in 1410, in his second term being responsible for rebuilding the Guildhall.
In two brief royal appointments, he was collector of customs duties on wool for London in 1400 and joint treasurer of war finances in 1404. In October 1416 he became an MP for the City of London as one of the two aldermanic representatives.
In addition to his London properties, in 1391 he bought and later extended a country estate at North Mimms in Hertfordshire. After 1484, upon the death of his grandson Robert without sons, moieties of the property were inherited by Robert's two daughters: Anne who married Henry Frowick, and Elizabeth the wife of James Stracheley.
He was buried in St Antholin's beside his wife and his will made on 20 May 1435 was proved on 11 July 1435 at Lambeth.
Family
By 1371 he had married Joan (died 1431) who in their sixty years together had nineteen children, of whom four sons and three daughters survived their father. His eldest son Thomas (died 1446), who inherited his businesses and properties, was through his younger son Richard the ancestor of the courtier Sir Francis Knollys.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Knollys
..................................................................
See also
Knollys family
List of Sheriffs of the City of London
List of Lord Mayors of London
City of London (elections to the Parliament of England)
References
Boase, G. C. (1892). "Knollys, Sir Francis (1511/12–1596), politician". Dictionary of National Biography Vol. XXXI. Smith, Elder & Co. Retrieved 31 December 2007.
The first edition of this text is available at Wikisource: "Knollys, Francis" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
Rawcliffe, C. (1993), "Knolles, Thomas (d. 1435), of London", in J.S. Roskell, L. Clark and C. Rawcliffe (eds.), 'The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1386-1421, Boydell & Brewer, retrieved 31 July 2017
Nightingale, Pamela. "Knolles, Thomas (d. 1435), merchant and mayor of London". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/52250.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
"Chronological list of aldermen: 1302-1400". British History Online. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
William Page, ed. (1908), "Parishes: North Mimms", A History of the County of Hertford: Volume 2, London, pp. 251–261, retrieved 1 August 2017
The text of his will, in Latin, is printed in E.F. Jacob (ed.), The Register of Henry Chichele, Archbishop of Canterbury 1414-1443 Canterbury and York Society, no.42 (Wills), (Oxford University Press 1937), pp. 519-26.
Categories: 1435 deaths
https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LHDZ-RKG
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Abt 1350 - Bef 1435 (~ 85 years)
[8]