Born ‎between 1056 BET., - and ‎

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Acceded 1087-1100.

William II (known as William Rufus)
Strong, outspoken and ruddy (hence his nickname 'Rufus'), William II (reigned 1087-1100) extended his father's policies, taking royal power to the far north of England. Ruthless in his relations with his brother Robert, William extended his grip on the duchy of Normandy under an agreement between the brothers in 1091. (Robert went on crusade in 1096.) William's relations with the Church were not easy; he took over Archbishop Lanfranc's revenues after the latter's death in 1089, kept other bishoprics vacant to make use of their revenues, and had numerous arguments with Lanfranc's popular successor Anselm. William died on 2 August 1100, after being shot by an arrow whilst hunting in the New Forest.

Born ‎ 1062 at Normandy, France, died ‎ Mar 8, 1137/38 at Marcigny sur Loire, France‎, approximately 75 years

Born ‎ 1063 at Normandy, France, died ‎ May 27, 1085 at Castle Acre, Norfolk‎, 21 or 22 years

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At one time it was thought that Gundred was the Daughter of William the
Conqueror. This has since been disproved. C. T. Clay, *Early Yorkshire Charters*, vol. VIII, Appendix A, pp. 40-46. Another reference, according to the second edition of Cokayne's *Complete Peerage*, vol. XII, part 1, p. 494, note (j), presents similar evidence is H. Prentout, *Etudes sur Quelques Points de l'Histoire de Guillaume le Conquerant*, pp. 29-56.

Born ‎ 1070 at Selby, Yorkshire, England, baptized ‎ Aug 5, 1100 at Selby, Yorkshire, England, died ‎ Dec 1, 1135 at Westminster, Middlesex, England‎, 64 or 65 years, buried ‎ Jan 4, 1135/36 at b. Reading Abbey, Berkshire

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REF: British Monarchy Official Website: After William's death while hunting in the New Forest in 1100, his younger brother, Henry I (reigned 1100-35), succeeded to the throne. By 1106 he had captured Normandy from his brother,
Robert, who then spent the last 28 years of his life as his brother's prisoner. An energetic and decisive ruler, Henry centralised the administration of
England and Normandy in the royal court, and extended royal powers of patronage.
Acceded 1100-1135.

Henry I
William's younger brother Henry (reigned 1100-35) succeeded to the throne. He was crowned three days after his brother's death, against the possibility that his eldest brother Robert might claim the English throne. After the decisive battle of Tinchebrai in 1106 in France, Henry completed his conquest of Normandy from Robert, who then (unusually even for that time) spent the last 28 years of his life as his brother's prisoner. An energetic, decisive and occasionally cruel ruler, Henry centralised the administration of England and Normandy in the royal court, using 'viceroys' in Normandy and a group of advisers in England to act on his behalf when he was absent across the Channel. Henry successfully sought to increase royal revenues, as shown by the official records of his exchequer (the Pipe Roll of 1130, the first exchequer account to survive). He established peaceful relations with Scotland, through his marriage to Mathilda of Scotland.
Henry's name 'Beauclerc' denoted his good education (as the youngest son, his parents possibly expected that he would become a bishop); Henry was probably the first Norman king to be fluent in English. In 1120, his legitimate sons William and Richard drowned in the White Ship which sank in the English Channel. This posed a succession problem, as Henry never allowed any of his illegitimate children to expect succession to either England or Normandy. Henry had a legitimate daughter Matilda (widow of Emperor Henry V, subsequently married to the Count of Anjou). However, it was his nephew Stephen (reigned 1135-54), son of William the Conqueror's daughter Adela, who succeeded Henry after his death allegedly caused by eating too many lampreys (fish) in 1135, as the barons mostly opposed the idea of a female ruler.[bellchance.ged]

Contemporaries: Louis VI ("Louis the Fat", King of France, 1108-1137), Roger of Salisbury, Anselm (Archbishop of Canterbury), Pope Pascal II
Henry I, the most resilient of the Norman kings (his reign lasted thirty-five years), was nicknamed "Beauclerc" (fine scholar) for his above average education. During his reign, the differences between English and Norman society began to slowly evaporate. Reforms in the royal treasury system became the foundation upon which later kings built. The stability Henry afforded the throne was offset by problems in succession: his only surviving son, William, was lost in the wreck of the White Ship in November 1120.
The first years of Henry's reign were concerned with subduing Normandy. William the Conqueror divided his kingdoms between Henry's older brothers, leaving England to William Rufus and Normandy to Robert. Henry inherited no land but received