Empress of England Matilda, daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" Of England and Queen Matilda "Atheling" Princess Of Scotland. Born 1104, died 1167, 62 or 63 years Married/ Related to: Heinrich V Holy Roman Emporer of Germany Born Aug 11, 1081 at AKA---Heinrich, died May 22, 1125 at Utrecht, 43 years [roberts.GED] [roberts.GED] Emperor of Germany |
2nd marriage/ relation Empress of England Matilda, daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" Of England and Queen Matilda "Atheling" Princess Of Scotland. Married/ Related to: Geoffrey V Plantagenet [COUNT OF ANJOU], son of Fulk V " Le Juene" (Folques V) "@N1918@" D' ANJOU King of Jerusalem and Ermengard Du "@N1913@" Maine Countess Of Maine. Adoption parents: [KING OF JERUSAL Foulques V "le ANJOU and [Countess of Anj Ermengarde (Ermentrude) Du MAINE Born Aug 24, 1113 at ANJOU, France, died Sep 7, 1151 at Chateau, Eure-Et-Loir, France, 38 years, 1st married/ related to: Empress of England Matilda, 2nd married/ related to: Concubine 2, 3rd married/ related to: Concubine 1, 4th marriage to: [Empress of Germ Matilda (Maud) Princess England Children: 1. King Henry II "@N1930@" Plantagenet of EnglandBorn Mar 5, 1132/33 at Le Mans, Sarthe, France, died Jul 6, 1189 at Chinon, Indre-et-Loire, France, approximately 57 years, buried Jul 8, 1189 at Abbey At, Fontevrault, Maine-Et-Loire, France [roberts.GED] [roberts.GED] [temp.FTW] [csaflags.ged] nickname from Mayflower p. 75 marriage date 18 may 1152/3 also known at that time as Henry FitzEmpress, Warrior Queens p. 157 NAME Henry II "Plantagenet" King of /England/ BURI PLAC Fontevrault Abbey, Fontevrault, Maine-Et-Loire, France Morby p. 69: King of England 1154-1189, first of the House of Plantagenet Morby p. 80: Count of Anjou 1151-1189 Morby p. 86: Count of Normandy 1150-1189, when it was united with England The Royal Descents of 500 Immigrants, p.345 gives William Longspee as illegitamate son of Ida later to be the wife of Roger Bigod. IGI gives the mother as Clifford, Rosamond Stuart p. 37: Duke of Normandy, Coutn of Maine and Anjou, King of England, 1154-1189 Plantagenet, surname, originally nickname, of the English royal house of Anjou or the Angevin dynasty, founded by Geoffrey IV, count of Anjou (1113-51), husband of Matilda (1102-67), daughter of King Henry I of England. The name is derived from the Latin planta ( 2. Geoffrey VI "Mantell" Plantagenet Count of NantesBorn Jun 3, 1134 at ROUEN, Seine-Maritime, France, died Jul 27, 1157 at Nantes, Loire-Atlantique, France, 23 years, buried at Nantes, Loire-Atlantique, France [roberts.GED] [roberts.GED] [temp.FTW] [csaflags.ged] Plantagenet Chronicles p. 16 3. William Plantagenet , Count of PoitouBorn 1136 at Argentan, Orne, France, died 1164 at France, 27 or 28 years [roberts.GED] [roberts.GED] [temp.FTW] [csaflags.ged] Plantagenet Chronicles p. 16 4. Hamelin of Anjou de Plantagenet , De WarenneBorn ± 1140, died 1202, approximately 62 years 5. Henry II Plantagenet de Anjou "@N1354@" King of EnglandBorn Mar 25, 1133 at Le Mans, Sarthe, France, died Jul 6, 1189 at Chinon, Indre-et-Loire, France, 56 years Source: 'The World Book Encyclopedia', 1968, p H178. 'Royalty for Commoners', Roderick W. Stuart, 1993, p 37-38. Reigned 1154-1189. He ruled an empire that stretched from the Tweed to the Pyrenees. In spite of frequent hostitilties with the French King his own family and rebellious Barons (culminating in the great revolt of 1173-74) and his quarrel with Thomas Becket, Henry maintained control over his possessions until shortly before his death. His judicial and administrative reforms which increased Royal control and influence at the expense of the Barons were of great constitutional importance. Introduced trial by Jury. Duke of Normandy. Henry II 'Curt Mantel,' Duke of Normandy, Count of Maine and Anjou, King Of England became king in 1154. At the height of his power, Henry ruled England and almost all western France. His marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, the most famous woman of the age, brought the duchy of Aquitaine under his control. Henry also claimed to rule Scotland, Wales, and eastern Ireland. Henry II carried on his grandfather's policy of limiting the power of the nobles. He also tried to make the Roman Catholic Church in England submit to his authority. This policy brought him into conflict with Thomas a Becket, Achbishop of Canterbury. Four of the king's knights murdered Becket while he was at vespers in his cathedral. Henry made Anglo-Saxon common law, rather than the revised Roman law, the supreme law of the land. He introduced trial by jury and circuit courts. In his later years, Henry's sons often rebelled against him. Two of them, Richard the Lion-Hearted and John, became the next two kings of England. REF: "Falls the Shadow" Sharon Kay Penman: William the Conqueror requested a large number of Jews to move to England after his conquest. They spoke Norman & did well under his reign. They continued to thrive under William's grandson Henry II. REF: British Monarchy Official Website: Henry II (reigned 1154-89) ruled over an empire which stretched from the Scottish border to the Pyrenees. Married to Eleanor, the heiress of Aquitaine, the king spent only 13 years of his reign in England; the other 21 years were spent on the continent in his territories in what is now France. By 1158, Henry had restored to the crown some of the lands and royal power lost by Stephen. For example, locally chosen sheriffs were changed into royally appointed agents charged with enforcing the law and collecting taxes in the counties. Personally interested in government and law, Henry strengthened royal justice, making use of juries and re-introduced the sending of justices (judges) on regular tours of the country to try cases for the Crown. His legal reforms have led him to be seen as the founder of English Common Law. Henry's disagreements with his Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Becket, over Church/State relations ended in Becket's murder in 1170. Family disputes almost wrecked the king's achievements and he died in 1189 at war with his sons. Reigned 1154-1189. He ruled an empire that stretched from the Tweed to the Pyrenees. In spite of frequent hostitilties with the French King his own family and rebellious Barons (culminating in the great revolt of 1173-74) and his quarrel with Thomas Becket, Henry maintained control over his possessions until shortly before his death. His judicial and administrative reforms which increased Royal control and influence at the expense of the Barons were of great constitutional importance. Introduced trial by Jury. Duke of Normandy. Henry II, first of the Angevin kings, was one of the most effective of all England's monarchs. He came to the throne amid the anarchy of Stephen's reign and promptly collared his errant barons. He refined Norman government and created a capable, self-standing bureaucracy. His energy was equaled only by his ambition and intelligence. Henry survived wars, rebellion, and controversy to successfully rule one of the Middle Ages' most powerful kingdoms. Henry was raised in the French province of Anjou and first visited England in 1142 to defend his mother's claim to the disputed throne of Stephen. His continental possessions were already vast before his coronation: He acquired Normandy and Anjou upon the death of his father in September 1151, and his French holdings more than doubled with his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitane (ex-wife of King Louis VII of France). In accordance with the Treaty of Wallingford, a succession agreement signed by Stephen and Matilda in 1153, Henry was crowned in October 1154. The continental empire ruled by Henry and his sons included the French counties of Brittany, Maine, Poitou, Touraine, Gascony, Anjou, Aquitane, and Normandy. Henry was technically a feudal vassal of the king of France but, in reality, owned more territory and was more powerful than his French lord. Although King John (Henry's son) lost most of the English holdings in France, English kings laid claim to the French throne until the fifteenth century. Henry also extended his territory in the British Isles in two significant ways. First, he retrieved Cumbria and Northumbria form Malcom IV of Scotland and settled the Anglo-Scot border in the North. Secondly, although his success with Welsh campaigns was limited, Henry invaded Ireland and secured an English presence on the island. English and Norman barons in Stephen's reign manipulated feudal law to undermine royal authority; Henry instituted many reforms to weaken traditional feudal ties and strengthen his position. Unauthorized castles built during the previous reign were razed. Monetary payments replaced military service as the primary duty of vassals. The Exchequer was revitalized to enforce accurate record keeping and tax collection. Incompetent sheriffs were replaced and the authority of royal courts was expanded. Henry empowered a new social class of government clerks that stabilized procedure - the government could operate effectively in the king's absence and would subsequently prove sufficiently tenacious to survive the reign of incompetent kings. Henry's reforms allowed the emergence of a body of common law to replace the disparate customs of feudal and county courts. Jury trials were initiated to end the old Germanic trials by ordeal or battle. Henry's systematic approach to law provided a common basis for development of royal institutions throughout the entire realm. The process of strengthening the royal courts, however, yielded an unexpected controversy. The church courts instituted by William the Conqueror became a safe haven for criminals of varying degree and ability, for one in fifty of the English population qualified as clerics. Henry wished to transfer sentencing in such cases to the royal courts, as church courts merely demoted clerics to laymen. Thomas Beckett, Henry's close friend and chancellor since 1155, was named Archbishop of Canterbury in June 1162 but distanced himself from Henry and vehemently opposed the weakening |