 Pepin 3rd Of Franks Carolingian, son of Karl Martel Carolingian and Rotrude (Chrotude) UNKNOWN.Born 715 at Austrasia, died Sep 24, 768 at St Denis,France, 52 or 53 years Nickname: Married/ Related to:  Bertha UNKNOWN, daughter of Claibort 1st UNKNOWN and Bertrada UNKNOWN.Born ± 720 at Laon,Aisne,France, died Jul 12, 783 at Choisy,Haute-Savoi,France, approximately 63 years, 1st married/ related to: Pepin 3rd Of Franks Carolingian, 2nd marriage to: Pepin 3rd Of Franks Carolingian Nickname: Also Known As:<_AKA> Bertrada Name Prefix: Name Suffix: _STATMARRIED Child: | |||
| 2nd marriage Pepin 3rd Of Franks Carolingian, son of Karl Martel Carolingian and Rotrude (Chrotude) UNKNOWN.Married ± 740 (approximately 28 years married) to: Bertha UNKNOWN, daughter of Claibort 1st UNKNOWN and Bertrada UNKNOWN.Born ± 720 at Laon,Aisne,France, died Jul 12, 783 at Choisy,Haute-Savoi,France, approximately 63 years, 1st married/ related to: Pepin 3rd Of Franks Carolingian, 2nd marriage to: Pepin 3rd Of Franks Carolingian Nickname: Also Known As:<_AKA> Bertrada Name Prefix: Name Suffix: _STATMARRIED Child: 1. Charlemagne Of FranksBorn Apr 2, 747 at Aachen,Rhineland,Prussia, died Jan 28, 813/814 at Aachen,Rhineland,Prussia, approximately 65 years Nickname: Name Prefix: [totalburley.FTW] Charlemagne, or Charles the Great, Carolingian king of the Franks, came to rule over most of Europe and assumed (800) the title of Roman emperor. He is sometimes regarded as the founder of the Holy Roman Empire. Charlemagne was probably born in 742 at Aachen. In 768 he and his brother Carloman inherited the Frankish kingdom (most of present-day France and a part of western Germany) from their father Pepin the Short. The entire kingdom passed to Charlemagne when Carloman died in 771. Conquests Charlemagne inherited great wealth and a strong military organization from his father and brother. He used these assets to double the territory under Carolingian control. In 772 he opened his offensive against the Saxons, and for more than three decades he pursued a ruthless policy aimed at subjugating them and converting them to Christianity. Almost every year Charlemagne attacked one or another region of Saxon territory. Mass executions--4,500 Saxons were executed on a single day in 782--and deportations were used to discourage the stubborn. The Saxons proved to be a far more difficult enemy than any of the other peoples subjugated by Charlemagne. For example, the Lombards were conquered in a single extended campaign (773-74), after which Charlemagne assumed the title "king of the Lombards." In 788 he absorbed the duchy of Bavaria, and soon thereafter he launched an offensive against the Avar empire. The Avars succumbed within a decade, yielding Charlemagne a vast hoard of gold and silver. After one disastrous campaign (778) against the Muslims in Spain, Charlemagne left the southwestern front to his son Louis. The latter (later Emperor Louis I), with the help of local Christian rulers, conquered Barcelona in 801 and controlled much of Catalonia by 814. On Christmas Day, 800, Charlemagne accepted the title of emperor and was crowned by Pope Leo III. For several years after, he regarded the imperial title as being of little value. Moreover, he intended to divide his lands and titles among his sons, as was the Frankish custom. At his death on Jan. 28, 814, however, only one son, Louis, survived; Louis therefore assumed control of the entire Frankish empire. Administration The internal organization of Charlemagne's empire varied from region to region. In much of what is today France, and especially in the south, the old Roman civitates (fortified cities) served as the focus of most important aspects of political, military, religious, and social organization. Both the count of the city, appointed by Charlemagne as his representative, and the bishop made their respective headquarters in the civitas. The count or his agent led the local army, and the walls of the civitates afforded protection for the inhabitants both of the city and the nearby countryside. In those parts of the empire which had not been part of the Roman world, Charlemagne made an effort to impose a similar system. He divided newly conquered lands into pagi (districts), which were placed under the jurisdiction of counts who exercised the same kind of administrative powers of their counterparts to the west. Charlemagne also sought to establish these new pagi as dioceses. In frontier areas, Charlemagne often established districts that were essentially military in their purpose and organization; these were called marks or marches. Local customs were everywhere perpetuated by recognition of traditional laws. The laws, some unwritten, of each of the various peoples of the Carolingian empire, such as Salian Franks, Ripuarian Franks, Romans, Saxons, Lombards, Bavarians, Thuringians, and Jews, were codified; if local codes already existed, they were recognized. This judicial autonomy enjoyed by the several peoples of the empire indicates the diversity that not only existed but flourished under Charlemagne. The emperor did, however, legislate to provide a system by which | |||