 Robert "'the Wily'" Guiscard, Duke of Apulia, son of Tancred of Hauteville and Fredesende of Normandy.Born ± ABT. 1027 at in of Apulia, Italy, died Jul 17, 1085 at Phiscardo Bay, Cephallonia, Sicily, approximately 58 years Name: Robert the Wily GUISCARD Duke of Apulia Surname: Guiscard Given Name: Robert the Wily NSFX: Duke of Apulia Sex: M Birth: ABT 1027 in of Apulia,Italy Death: 17 Jul 1085 in Phiscardo Bay,Cephallonia,Sicily DSCR: tall, ruddy complexion, fair hair Reference Number: Newlin _UID: 5AB857881D12FB488B714C0A1E7735CF4E09 Note: !Norman duke of Apulia and Calabria in southern Italy. [Funk & Wagnalls] FOSTER, NEWLIN LINE - 27th ggrandfather !Started his fantastic career in Italy in 1047. Captured Durazzo and began his invasion of the eastern empire in 1081. First Norman Duke of Apulia and Calabria; count of Sicily. [Leaders & Landmarks] !The Latin epic poem, "La Geste de Robert Guiscard", was written by William of Apulia about this Robert. [The Norman Advantage] !Known as "the Wise", fought and schemed so effectually as to promote himself to the title of Duke of Apulia. [Leaders & Landmarks, Vol. II, p. 32] Anna Comnena, who hated him, writes that he was of a tyrannous temper, in mind most cunning, and brave in action. Tall in stature and well proportioned, ruddy complexion, flaxen hair, broad shoulders, eyes that emitted sparks of fire. His shouting was loud enough to terrify armies, indomitable and ready to submit to nobody in the world. He arrived in Italy in 1047, and the start of his career was sordidly inconspicuous, as with a few followers he haunted the hills hiding in caves, and issuing out to attack travellers and rob them of their horses and weapons. He looted the inhabitants of Calabria without discrimination, and on occasion he stretched his depredations northwards in order to dispute the profits of pillage with his elder half-brothers. His growing power ws indicated by his marriage about 1050 with Aubree, the relative of a Norman holding a substantial estate at Buonalbergo near Benevento, and by her he was to have a son who was baptised Mark, but who on account of his size when in his mother's womb was to receive the nickname of the giant Bohemund, which he later made famous throughout Christendom. The marriage also marked the beginnings of Robert Guiscard's own successes as a conqueror. From this time forwards he 'devoured land'. [The Norman Achievement, p. 41-2] Between 1050-60 the settlements of Aversa and at Melfi were transformed into the Norman principality of Capua and into the Norman duchy of Apulia due to the efforts of Richard of Aversa and Robert Guiscard. [The Norman ..., p. 53] Following his brother Humfrey's death in 1057, Robert took the lead in the Norman advance in Apulia. His chief opponent was Gisulf II of Salerno, but in 1058 this man consented to treat with Robert and, in token of the pact between them Guiscard repudiated his Norman wife Aubree, and married Sigelgaita, Gisulf's sister. [The Norman Achievement, p. 54-55] Received as a vassal of Pope Nicholas II at Melfi in August 1059 with the ominous title of Duke of Apulia and Calabria by the Grace of God and of St. Peter; and, with their help in the future, Duke of Sicily. [The Norman, p. 55] Bari surrendered to him on 16 April 1071 and the rule of the eastern emperor in southern Italy, which had endured for over 5 centuries came to an end. [The Norman, p. 56] Beginning in 1074, Pope Gregory VII excommunicated Robert Guiscard three times over a 6-year period in respect of his seizure of Amalfi, Salerno and the march of Fermo. [The Norman, pp. 59-60] After the death of the Eastern Emperor Michael VII, Robert produced a Greek impostor whom he declared to be the deposed Emperor Michael, and he prepared to invade the eastern empire. At Ceprano, Gregory VII actually recognized the pseudo-Michael, and it was with papal support, and under a papal banner that in May 1081, Robert, together with his son Bohemund, set sail from Otranto with a considerable force. Having safely crossed the Adriatic, they seized the island of Corfu, and moved forward to attack Durazzo. He met unexpected opposition in the form of Emperor Alexis I and the seige continued through the winter while his enemies gathered back in Apulia -- Emperor Henry IV leading the pack. Bohemund was left to carry on the campaign against Alexis, while Robert returned to cover his flank. Bohemund was so successful that he began to threaten Constantinople itself. Nonetheless, he was defeated in 1083 by the imperial troops at Larissa, and one by one the Norman gains in the Balkans were lost. By the time Robert reached Rome, Emperor Henry had entered the city which was under flames and wholesale robbery, rape and murder. The loss of life must have been great, and many of the leading citizens were sent in slavery to Calabria. Both Gregory VI and Robert Guiscard died in 1085, Robert just as he was beginning another campaign on the island of Cephallonia. [The Norman, pp. 61-2] The Calabrians who came with R.G. to Civitate must have been serving him for pay; and mercenaries from southern Italy were being hired to support the expeditions which he and Roger took to Sicily in 1060, 1061, and 1072. Stipendiary troops from Apulia assisted the Norman capture of Bari in 1071, and soldiers from Calabria are known to have accompanied R.G. and Bohemund when they crossed the Adriatic in 1081. Even more noteworthy were the circumstances of R.G.'s march against Rome in 1084. Early in 1083 he levied an exceptionally heavy tribute on Bari, and he collected a large tax from all over Apulia and Calabria to pay for the soldiers he was to lead against Henry IV in the following year. It was certainly a very mixed army which went to the sack of Rome in 1084, but there were Saracens in it, and Moslem troops were constantly in the pay of Roger the Great Count. [The Norman, p. 78] The earliest Norman settlements in Italy were in the hill strongholds of Aversa and Melfi, and before 1055 R.G. was erecting castles in Calabria such as Scribla in the Val di Crati, at Rossano, and in the neighborhood of Cozenza, both at San Marco Argentano and at Scalea. When Roger came to Italy in 1056, R.G. at once set him up in a stronghold at Mileto, and the two brothers followed the same practice in Sicily. [The Norman, p. 86] When R.G. died in 1084, his sons and brother, with their followers, fell-a-fighting over his inheritance. R.G. himself had been compelled to face feudal opposition in Apulia in 1074, 1078, and 1082. [The Normans, p. 88] Hildebrand seated himself firmly at Rome, rebuking the heterodox Lombards, and demanding loyalty from the turbulent Normans, whose chief, Robert Guiscard, he solemnly excommunicated for ravaging the property of the Holy See. [Leaders & Landmarks, Vol. II, pp. 39-40] Charlemagne & Others, Chart 3333b 1 2 3 4 5 6 Change Date: 23 Jun 2003 at 20:45:18 Father: Tancred, Seigneur de HAUTEVILLE b: ABT 0975 in Hauteville-le-Guichard,Coutances,Normandy Mother: Fresende de NORMANDY b: ABT 0996 in Normandy, France Marriage 1 Aubree de BOURGOGNE b: ABT 1032 in of Buonalbergo,Benevento,Italy Divorced: Y Married: BEF 1052 in Buonalbergo, Benevento, Italy Children Bohemond I Mark of ANTIOCH Prince of Antioch b: ABT 1057 in of Taranto,Italy Marriage 2 Sichelgaita of LOMBARDY b: ABT 1030 in of Salerno,Lombardy,Italy Married: 1058/1059 Children Matilda d' HAUTVILLE b: ABT 1058 in of Apulia, Sicily Sibylla GUISCARD b: ABT 1060 in of Apulia,Sicily Emma GUISCARD b: ABT 1062 in Apulia, Italy Roger BORSA Duke of Apulia b: ABT 1063 in of Apulia,Italy Helena GUISCARD b: ABT 1064 in of Apulia, Sicily Mabel GUISCARD b: ABT 1066 in of Apulia, Sicily Guy GUISCARD b: ABT 1070 in ,,,Sicily Sources: Title: Royal House of Jerusalem: Counts of Edessa: Lords of Sidon and Caesarea Pedigree Chart Repository: Name: Cheryl Varner Library Title: The Oxford History of Medieval Europe Author: Holmes, George, ed. Publication: Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York, 1992 Repository: Name: Cheryl Varner Library Title: Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia Author: Bram, Leon L. V.P. and Ed. Dir.; Dickey, Norma H. Editor-in-Chief Publication: Funk & Wagnalls, Inc., 1986 Repository: Name: Cheryl Varner Library Title: Leaders & Landmarks in European History, Volume II: The Middle Ages Author: Moncrieff, A.R. Hope; Chaytor, The Rev. H.J., M.A.. Publication: The Gresham Publishing Company, London, 1913 Page: p. 32-40 Repository: Name: Cheryl Varner Library Title: The Norman Achievement, 1050-1100 Author: Douglas, David C. Publication: University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1969 Page: p. 41-42, 53-88 Repository: Name: Denver Public Library Title: Charlemagne, Alfred the Great and Other Ancestors Author: Mitchell, James T. Publication: 1991 Page: Chart 3333b From 'Glick/Foster Ancestry' at Rootsweb.com Married before BEF. 1052 at Buonalbergo, Benevento, Italy; 1st wife (at least 33 years married) to:  Aubree of Burgundy, daughter of Renaud of "Count of Bourgogne & Nevers, Renaud I of Burgundy" Burgundy and Judith of "Eleonora of Normandy" Normandy.Born ± ABT. 1032 at in of Buonalbergo, Benevento, Italy, buried at Venosa Church Name: Aubree de BOURGOGNE Surname: Bourgogne Given Name: Aubree de _AKA: Aubree Sex: F Birth: ABT 1032 in of Buonalbergo,Benevento,Italy Burial: Venosa Church Reference Number: Newlin _UID: 582DC44D66CF3542AB4B215FD6F2EE77E55C Note: !1st wife of Robert Guiscard. [Oxford History of Medieval Europe] NEWLIN LINE - 28th ggrandmother m. Robert Guiscard in abt 1050; she was relative of a Norman holding a substantial estate at Buonalbergo near Benevento; mother of Mark/Bohemund. [The Norman Achievement, p. 41] m. Robert Guiscard 1054, div. 1058. [Charlemagne & Others, Chart 3338b] b. aaft 1016, d. aft Jul 1122; dau of Renaud/Raymond I of Burgundy and Alice/Adelaide/Judith of Normandy; m. Robert I 'Guiscard' de Hauteville. [Gary Lewis 1 2 3 4 Change Date: 23 Jun 2003 at 20:39:57 Father: Renaud I de BOURGOGNE Count Burgundy & Nevers b: ABT 0986 in of Bourgogne,France Mother: Judith of NORMANDY b: 1003 in Normandy,France Marriage 1 Robert the Wily GUISCARD Duke of Apulia b: ABT 1027 in of Apulia,Italy Divorced: Y Married: BEF 1052 in Buonalbergo, Benevento, Italy Children Bohemond I Mark of ANTIOCH Prince of Antioch b: ABT 1057 in of Taranto,Italy Sources: Title: Royal House of Jerusalem: Counts of Edessa: Lords of Sidon and Caesarea Pedigree Chart Repository: Name: Cheryl Varner Library Title: The Oxford History of Medieval Europe Author: Holmes, George, ed. Publication: Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York, 1992 Repository: Name: Cheryl Varner Library Title: The Norman Achievement, 1050-1100 Author: Douglas, David C. Publication: University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1969 Page: p. 41 Repository: Name: Denver Public Library Title: Charlemagne, Alfred the Great and Other Ancestors Author: Mitchell, James T. Publication: 1991 Page: Chart 3338b From 'Glick/Foster Ancestry' at Rootsweb.com Child: 1. Boemond I Mark of Antioch, Prince of AntiochBorn 1058 at in of Taranto, Italy, died /11 at Canosa di Puglia, Bari, Apulia, Italy, -1048 or -1047 years Name: Bohemond I Mark of ANTIOCH Prince of Antioch Surname: Antioch Given Name: Bohemond I Mark of NSFX: Prince of Antioch Sex: M Birth: ABT 1057 in of Taranto,Italy Death: 1110/1111 1 DSCR: tall, broad shouldered, handsome Reference Number: Newlin _UID: 26977A457D76CA469EE83B5B1D6BD08A7DFE Occupation: Prince from 1099 to 1111 Antioch 2 Note: !Prince of Antioch 1098-1111. [Oxford History of Medieval Europe] NEWLIN LINE !Leader of the First Crusade, and founder of a Crusader dynasty in Syria. Eldest son of Robert Guiscard. Distinguished himself in a war (1081-85) against the Byzantine Empire. After his father's death in 1085, the Norman domain was divided between Bohemond and his brother. Bohemond joined the First Crusade to try to extend his possessions. As long as he remained with the Crusaders, Bohemond was their leader, although he was not officially recognized as such. Antioch was captured in June 1098, and Bohemond received it as a principality. He was captured by the Muslims in 1100 and held prisoner until 1103. After suffering a great defeat in 1104, he returned to western Europe to seek help. During his stay in France, he married the daughter of King Philip I of France. By 1107 he was head of a large army of adventurers who had been attracted by his military reknown, but instead of returning to Antioch, he led his forces against the Byzantine Empire which had restricted the expansion of his principality after 1098. His attack was unsuccessful and Bohemond was forced to accept a peace that made him a vassal of the Byzantine emperor. Bohemond's descendants ruled Antioch until 1268 and Tripoli from 1187-1289. [Funk & Wagnalls] !2nd husband of Princess Constance of France; father of Bohemond II, Prince d'Antioche. [Ped. of Charlemagne, Vol. I, p. 267] Son of Robert Guiscard and Aubree. Baptized "Mark" but given the nickname "Bohemund" after the giant because of his size in his mother's womb. [The Norman Achievement, p. 42] Challenged the succession of his half-brother Roger Borsa following their father's death. He at once seized the cities of Oria, Otranto and Taranto, and in 1090 was actually in possession of Bari itself. Count Roger intervened and ended up dominating southern Italy himself. [The Norman, p. 64] When the first Crusaders came to southern Italy, Bohemund joined them. His motives were doubtless complex, but with all his cunning there was a strain of romantic rashness in him, and he may have been genuinely moved by the impulse to rescue the Holy Places. But he also had his private ambitions to satisfy. His recent advances in Apulia had been checked by his uncle Roger from Sicily, and his earlier campaigns in Greece and Thrace may have led him to hope for conquests in the east. In this respect his aspirations were evidently shared by the remarkable company which formed around him, and which resembled one of those Norman groups that in the previous generation had fought their way to power in Italy. [The Norman, p. 65] He made such an impression on the young Byzantine princess, Anna Comnena, that in her old age she wrote, "He was so tall that he stood above the tallest. He was thin in loin and flank; broad shouldered and full chested; muscular in every limb; and neither lean nor corpulent but excellently proportioned. His hands were full of action, his step firm, his head well enough set, though if you looked close you saw that he stooped a little. His body was very white all over, though in his face the white was mingled with red. His hair was blond and cut short to the ears. He was closely shaven. His blue-grey eyes gave him dignity but they could flash with anger. A certain charm hung about this man but was partly marred by a general air of the horrible. For in the whole of his body the entire man showed himself implacable and savage both in his size andglance, and even his laughter sounded to others like snorting. He was so made in mind and body that both courage and passion reared their crests within and both inclined to war." Such a man was destined to command, and by the time the Crusade reached Antioch late in 1097 Bohemund, who had taken a prominent part in the victory of Dorlaeum earlier in the year, was firmly established among the leaders. [The Norman, pp. 65-66] Granted Antioch following the Great Battle of Antioch by his fellow crusaders, his red banner then flew over Antioch. Lacking a legitimate title, he approached the Pope becoming a nominal vassal with his investiture as Prince of Antioch in 1100 at the hands of Daimbert, archbishop of Pisa, the papal legate. Though Bohemund's later career was to be chequered, he was succeeded by his nephew Tancred and then by no fewer than six successors bearing the nickname he had made so famous. Indeed, the Norman dynasty at Antioch was to outlast the Norman dynasty in England, and even the Norman dynasty in Sicily. [The Norman, pp. 66-67] One of the first acts of Bohemund when in precarious possession of Antioch in 1099 was to secure the cooperation of the Genoese fleet. [The Norman, p. 84] It was Bohemund's greatest distinction as a tactician to make full use of his infantry in support of his mounted knights. [The Norman, p. 85] Son of Robert Guiscard; m. Constance of France; father of Bohemund II. [Byzantium: The Decline and Fall, Family Trees] Of all the leaders of the First Crusade, there was one whom Alexius Comnenus mistrusted more than any other. Bohemund, now Prince of Taranto, was the eldest son of Robert Guiscard who, had he not succombed to the most fortunate epidemic 12 years before, might well have displaced Alexius on the Byzentine throne. The fact that Robert had divorced Bohemund's mother to marry the formidable Sichelgaita, adn that he had subsequently left his Italian dominions to the latter's son Roger Borsa, made Bohemund more dangerous than ever: having nother to hope for in Italy, he could be expected to cause still greater havoc in the East. Moreover, his military reputation was unmatched in Europe. Bohemund captured Antioch and expelled its Greek Patriarch and replaced him with a Latin. In the summer of 1100 Bohumund was captured by local Turks and carried off in chains to a far-away castle in Pontus. There he remained for three years until he was finally ransomed by Baldwin, who had become King of Jerusalem in succession to his brother Godfrey. By the time Bohemund was released in 1103, the Crusaders were fighting Arabs, Turks and Byzantines more or less indiscriminately, with occasional brief truces; and in the early summer of 1104 they suffered a crushing defeat by the Turks at Harran, near Edessa. Bohemund's army escaped but the forces of Edessa were massacred almost to a man. Both Baldwin and his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, were captured. Bohemund, now dangerously threatened, left in the late autumn of 1104 for Europe to raise reinforcements. Arriving in Apulia early in 1105, he moved on to Rome in September to see Pope Paschal II. In a lifetime spent fighting the Eastern Empire, Bohemund never did it more harm than he did in those conversations with Pope Paschal. Henceforth his own narrow, predatory policy became the official policy of Christendom. Those Crusaders who for whatever reason dislike the Byzantines, now found their prejudices endorsed by the highest authority. To Alexius and his subjects, the entire Crusade was now revealed as nothing more than a monstrous exercise in hypocrisy. In September 1107 he once again attacked Byzantium; this time Alexius was ready for him. The invaders were surrounded and soon fell prey to famine and malaria and were forced to surrender. Bohemund was forced to swear fealty to the Emperor and recognize him as his suzerain for the Principality of Antioch and to replace his Latin Patriarch with a Greek. His career was over. He returned to Apulia, leaving Antioch in the hands of his nephew Tancred. He had been a charismatic leader of men; but his ambition had betrayed him and brought him low. He died three years later in relative obscurity, never again having dared to show his face in Outremer. [A Short History of Byzantium, p. 258-261] c. 1056-1111. Norman adventurer from southern Italy, the son of Robert Guiscard, who became the ruler of the crusader state of Antioch from 1099-1111. He made himself prince of Antioch in contravention of his oath of allegiance to the Byzantine emperor Alexius Comnenus in 1097 and in defiance of Raymond, count of Toulouse, leader of the crusade. He was captured by Muslims in 1100, released in 1103, and returned to Europe, where he married the daughter of Philip I of France. His campaign against the Byzantine empire was humiliatingly crushed by Alexius in 1108, and he never returned to Syria. [The Plantagenet Encyclopedia, p. 33] 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Change Date: 19 Mar 2003 at 17:13:01 Father: Robert the Wily GUISCARD Duke of Apulia b: ABT 1027 in of Apulia,Italy Mother: Aubree de BOURGOGNE b: ABT 1032 in of Buonalbergo,Benevento,Italy Marriage 1 Constance CAPET Princess of France b: ABT 1078 in France Married: ABT 1104 in ,,,France Children Bohemond II, Prince of ANTIOCH b: ABT 1107 in of Antioch,Greece Sources: Repository: Name: Cheryl Varner Library Title: The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth Edition Author: Stearns, Peter N., General Editor Publication: Houghton Mifflin, New York, 2001 Page: The House of Tancred (1057-1287) Repository: Name: Cheryl Varner Library Title: The Plantagenet Encyclopedia Author: Hallam, Elizabeth, General Editor Publication: Cresent Books, New York, 1996 Page: p. 33 Title: Royal House of Jerusalem: Counts of Edessa: Lords of Sidon and Caesarea Pedigree Chart Repository: Name: Cheryl Varner Library Title: The Oxford History of Medieval Europe Author: Holmes, George, ed. Publication: Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York, 1992 Repository: Name: Cheryl Varner Library Title: Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia Author: Bram, Leon L. V.P. and Ed. Dir.; Dickey, Norma H. Editor-in-Chief Publication: Funk & Wagnalls, Inc., 1986 Title: Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants, Vol. I Author: von Redlich, Marcellus Donald Alexander R. Publication: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, 1986 Page: p. 267 Repository: Name: Cheryl Varner Library Title: The Norman Achievement, 1050-1100 Author: Douglas, David C. Publication: University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1969 Page: p. 42, 64-67, 84-85 Repository: Name: Cheryl Varner Library Title: Byzantium: The Decline and Fall Author: Norwich, John Julius Publication: Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1996 Page: Family Trees Repository: Name: Cheryl Varner Library Title: A Short History of Byzantium Author: Norwich, John Julius Publication: Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1997 Page: p. 267-8 From 'Glick/Foster Ancestry' at Rootsweb.com | |||
| 2nd marriage Robert "'the Wily'" Guiscard, Duke of Apulia, son of Tancred of Hauteville and Fredesende of Normandy.Married between 1058 BET., - and to: Sichelgaita of Lombardy, daughter of Guaimar of Salerno, Prince of Salerno and Purpora of Tabellaria. Adoption parents: Guaimar of Salerno, Prince of Salerno and Gemma of Teano Born ± ABT. 1030 at of Salerno, Lombardy, Italy, died Jul 27, 1090, approximately 60 years Name: Sichelgaita of LOMBARDY Surname: Lombardy Given Name: Sichelgaita of _AKA: Gaita Sex: F Birth: ABT 1030 in of Salerno,Lombardy,Italy Death: 1090 DSCR: Large, long blond hair, great strength Reference Number: Foster _UID: B3710D155800924297FCE2ECB9999AB675D9 Note: !2nd wife of Robert Guiscard. [Oxford History of Medieval Europe] FOSTER LINE - 27th ggrandmother !Sister of Gisulf II, Lombard prince of Salerno. A pact was signed between Robert Guiscard and Gisulf II of Salerno and Sigelgaita was part of the deal. She was a woman of commanding influence, and her exploits particularly on the battlefield, were eventually to pass into legend. The immediate result of her marriage was that the hostile attentions of her terrible husband were turned away from the Lombards and against the Greeks. [The Norman Achievement, p. 55] Roger Borsa's succession had doubtless been promoted by his formidable mother Sigelgaita, and some charters actually suggest that she may have been in some sense recognized as joint ruler in Apulia with her son. [Norman ..., p. 64] Dau. of Waimer, Prince of Salerno; 2nd wife of Robert Guiscard. [Charlemagne & Others, Chart 3338b] A woman of immense build, she hardly ever left her husband's side--least of all in battle, one of her favorite occupations. At such moments, charging into the fray, her long blonde hair streaming from beneath her helmet, deafening friend and foe alike with huge shouts of encouragement or imprecation, she must have looked--even if she did not altogether sound--worthy to take her place beside Brunnhilde herself. It is said that when her husband's troops took flight with fright during a fray with the Varangian guard of the Byzantium Empire, she took after the deserters with a spear. They quickly recovered themselves and chose to stand and fight the Varangian guard and their battle-axes rather than to face Sichelgaita and her spear. [A Short History of Byzantium, p. 252] Anna Comnena, chronicler of the Byzantine court and witness to the First Crusade, mentions a woman called Gaita who "went on campaign with her husband and when she donned armour was indeed a formidable sight." Anna recounts that Gaita stopped some men who were retreating from a battle: "As they continued to run, she grasped a long spear and charged at full gallop against them. It brought them to their senses and they went back to fight." [Medieval Woman Calendar, March 1999] b.c. 1030, d. 1089. Dau of Guimar IV of Salerno and Porpora de Tabellaria; m. Robert I 'Guiscard' de Hauteville. [Gary Lewis 1 2 3 4 5 Change Date: 23 Jun 2003 at 20:53:04 Father: Guaimar IV, Prince of SALERNO b: 1013 in of Salerno, Lombardy, Italy Mother: Gemma of TEANO b: ABT 1015 in of Teano Marriage 1 Robert the Wily GUISCARD Duke of Apulia b: ABT 1027 in of Apulia,Italy Married: 1058/1059 Children Matilda d' HAUTVILLE b: ABT 1058 in of Apulia, Sicily Sibylla GUISCARD b: ABT 1060 in of Apulia,Sicily Emma GUISCARD b: ABT 1062 in Apulia, Italy Roger BORSA Duke of Apulia b: ABT 1063 in of Apulia,Italy Helena GUISCARD b: ABT 1064 in of Apulia, Sicily Mabel GUISCARD b: ABT 1066 in of Apulia, Sicily Guy GUISCARD b: ABT 1070 in ,,,Sicily Sources: Repository: Name: Cheryl Varner Library Title: Byzantium: The Decline and Fall Author: Norwich, John Julius Publication: Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1996 Page: p. 147 Repository: Name: Cheryl Varner Library Title: The Oxford History of Medieval Europe Author: Holmes, George, ed. Publication: Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York, 1992 Repository: Name: Cheryl Varner Library Title: The Norman Achievement, 1050-1100 Author: Douglas, David C. Publication: University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1969 Page: p. 54-66 Repository: Name: Denver Public Library Title: Charlemagne, Alfred the Great and Other Ancestors Author: Mitchell, James T. Publication: 1991 Page: Chart 3338b Repository: Name: Cheryl Varner Library Title: A Short History of Byzantium Author: Norwich, John Julius Publication: Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1997 Page: p. 252 From 'Glick/Foster Ancestry' at Rootsweb.com Child: 1. Matilda of HautevilleBorn ± ABT. 1058 at of Apulia, Sicily, died between 1111 BET., - and , 53 or 54 years Name: Matilda d' HAUTVILLE Surname: Hautville Given Name: Matilda d' _AKA: Maud Sex: F Birth: ABT 1058 in of Apulia, Sicily Death: 1111/1112 Reference Number: Foster _UID: FFE9FD5503C8C049ABEC64A6DAB98D1AE9B4 Note: !Wife of Raymond Berengar II, Count of Barcelona. [The Norman Achievement] FOSTER LINE - 26th ggrandmother Dau. of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia, and Sikelgaite of Salerno; m. Raymond Berenger II de Barcelona; mother of Raymond III. [Charlemagne, Alfred & Others,Chart 2908] m. Raymond Berenguer II. [GRS 3.03, Automated Archives, CD1, CD00 Author: Automated Archives, Inc. Publication: Genealogical Research System, 1994 From 'Glick/Foster Ancestry' at Rootsweb.com | |||