Robert_and_Euphemia

Stewart, Robert II 1a 2a

Birth Name Stewart, Robert II
Gender male
Age at Death 74 years, 1 month, 17 days

Narrative

Robert II (March 2, 1316 – April 19, 1390), was King of Scots from 1371 until his death. He was also the High Steward of Scotland and the first king from the House of Stewart (later spelled "Stuart").

Robert was the sole son of Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland (d. 1326) and Marjorie Bruce, daughter of King Robert I of Scotland and his first wife Isabella of Mar. He was delivered by caesarean section, reputedly at Paisley Abbey. His mother, who had been thrown from a horse, survived his birth by some hours at most.

In 1318 the Parliament of Scotland decreed that if King Robert died without sons the crown should pass to Marjorie's son; but the birth of a son afterwards, King David II, to Bruce in 1324 postponed the accession of Robert for nearly forty-two years. Soon after the infant David became king in 1329, the Steward began to take a prominent part in the affairs of Scotland. He was one of the leaders of the Scottish army at the Battle of Halidon Hill in July 1333; and after gaining some successes over the adherents of Edward Balliol in the west of Scotland, he and John Randolph, 3rd Earl of Moray (d. 1346), were chosen as regents of the kingdom, while David sought safety in France.

The regents soon quarrelled; then Randolph fell into the hands of the English and Robert became sole regent, meeting with such success in his efforts to restore the royal authority that the king was able to return to Scotland in 1341. Having handed over the duties of government to David, the Steward escaped from the Battle of Neville's Cross in 1346, and was again chosen regent while the king was a captive in England. Soon after this event some friction arose between Robert and his royal uncle. Accused, probably without truth, of desertion at Neville's Cross, the Steward as heir-presumptive was greatly chagrined by the king's proposal to make Edward III of England, or one of his sons, the heir to the Scottish throne, and by David's marriage with Margaret Logie.

In 1363 he rose in rebellion, and after having made his submission was seized and imprisoned together with four of his sons, being only released a short time before David's death in February 1371. By the terms of the decree of 1318 Robert now succeeded to the throne, and was crowned at Scone, Perthshire in March 1371. He was not a particularly active king. Some steps were taken by the nobles to control the royal authority. In 1378 a war broke out with England; but the king took no part in the fighting, which included the burning of Edinburgh and the Scottish victory at the Battle of Otterburn in 1388.

As age and infirmity were telling upon him, and in 1389 the Parliament appointed his second surviving son Robert, Earl of Fife, afterwards Duke of Albany, guardian of the kingdom. The king died at Dundonald in 1390, and was buried at Scone.

Marriages and issue
His first wife was Elizabeth Mure, by her he had at least ten children:

King Robert III of Scotland (d. 1406), originally called John
Robert Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany (1339–1420)
Alexander Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan, and Lord of Badenoch, "the Wolf of Badenoch" (1343–1405)
Margaret Stewart, married John of Islay, Lord of the Isles
Walter Stewart (d. 1362), married Isabella, Countess of Fife
Marjory Stewart, married first John Dunbar, 5th Earl of Moray, second Alexander Keith
Johanna Stewart, married in 1373 Sir John Keith, in 1379 Sir John Lyon, in 1384 Sir James Sandilands
Isabella Stewart, married first James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Douglas, married second David Edmondstone
Katherine Stewart, married Sir Robert Logan of Grugar, later also of Restalrig, Lord High Admiral of Scotland
Elizabeth Stewart, married Sir Thomas Hay, Lord High Constable of Scotland
By his second wife, Euphemia de Ross, daughter of Aodh, Earl of Ross, and widow of the 3rd Earl of Moray, formerly his colleague as regent, he had five children:

David Stewart, 1st Earl of Caithness (d. bef. 1389)
Walter Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl (d. 1437)
Margaret Stewart
Elizabeth Stewart, married 1380 David Lindsay, 1st Earl of Crawford
Egidia Stewart, married 1387 Sir William Douglas of Nithsdale
The confusion about the circumstances of his first marriage would later lead to conflict amongst the descendants of his first marriage (which included James I of Scotland) and the unquestionably legitimate descendants of his second marriage.

Robert had also eight illegitimate children: By Moira Leitch:

John Stewart of Bute, Sheriff of Bute, "the Black Stewart"
By Marion Cardny:

Alexander Stewart, Canon of Glasgow
John Stewart of Dundonald, "the Red Stewart"
James Stewart of Kinfauns
Walter Stewart
John Stewart of Burley, Lord of Burley
Sir John Stewart of Cairdney
Sir Alexander Stewart of Inverlunan
Thomas Stewart, Dean of Dunkeld, Archdeacon and Bishop-elect of St. Andrews

References

Primary
Andrew of Wyntoun, The Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland, edited by D. Laing (Edinburgh, 1872-1879)
John of Fordun, Scotichronicon, continued by Walter Bower, edited by Thomas Hearne (Oxford, 1722)
John Major, Historia majoris Britanniae, translated by A Constable (Edinburgh, 1892)

Secondary
Tytler, PF, History of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1841-1843).

 

Events

Event Date Place Description Sources
Birth 1316-03-02 Dundonald, Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland   3
Death 1390-04-19 Dundonald Castle, Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland   3

Age: 74y 1m 17d

Parents

Relation to main person Name Birth date Death date Relation within this family (if not by birth)
Father of Scotland, Walter12921326-04-09
Mother of Scotland, Majorie12971316-03-02
         Stewart, Robert II 1316-03-02 1390-04-19

Families

Family of Stewart, Robert II and Mure, Elizabeth
Married Wife Mure, Elizabeth ( * 1320 + 1355 )
   
Event Date Place Description Sources
Marriage 1347-11-22 Dispensation, Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland   3
  Children
Name Birth Date Death Date
Stuart, Catherine13361426
of Scotland, Robert III13371406-04-04
Stewart, Walter13381362
Stewart, Robert13401420
Stuart, Margaretabout 1341
Stuart, Alexander Lord of Badenoch13431405
Stewart, Elizabeth13461389
Stuart, John III1347
Stewart, Isabella Eupheme13481410
Stewart, Johanna1350
Stuart, Marjory1352
Stuart, Jean13551440

Source References

  1. Errol Bevan: http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=bevangenealogy&id=I32680 @ RootsWeb Ancestries of Errol S. BEVAN and Hollie C. ATKINSON BEVAN to ADAM and EVE including REINHARDT and BLOCKER Cousins and more
      • Source text:

        ID: I32680
        Name: Robert Stewart II King Of SCOTLAND
        Surname: SCOTLAND
        Given Name: Robert Stewart II King Of
        Sex: M
        Birth: 2 Mar 1316 in Dundonald, Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland
        Death: 19 Apr 1390 in Dundonald Castle, Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland
        Burial: 1390 Scone Abbey, Scone, Perthshire, Scotland
        Ancestral File #: 9FJ7-ZS
        Note:
        Notes from http://home.austarnet.com.au/dfgoonan/STEWARTRoyalpg.htm

        King Robert II STEWART of Scots
        b. 02 Mar 1316 Dundonald, Kyle, Ayrshire, SCOTLAND; d. 19 Apr 1390 Dundonald Castle, Dundonald, Ayrshire, SCOTLAND (old age); bur. Scone
        occ: Earl of Strathearn, Great Steward of Scotland, Regent of Scots (1338-1341) (1346-1357), King of Scots (1370-1390) Robert STEWART was born by Caesarean section on the side of the road after his mother had fallen from her horse. This was the first authentic record of a Caesarean section since Julius Caesar himself. Robert was imprisoned by his uncle David II from 1363 until 1370. He is remembered as being ?A king of such constancy, he seldom spoke a word which he performed not?. not married to Mora LEITCH children of Robert II STEWART and Mora LEITCH: John ...the Black... of Bute m1. 22 Nov 1347 (special dispensation of Pope Clement VI by which their children were legitimated per subsequens matrimonium) Elizabeth MURE of Rowallan

        not married to Mariota CARNEY children of Robert II STEWART and Mariota CARNEY: John of Cardney; James; Alexander

        m2. 02 May 1355 (dispensation granted by Pope Innocent VI at Avignon) Euphemia de ROSS of that ilk d. 1387 occ: Queen of Scots (1372-1387) children of Robert II STEWART and Euphemia de ROSS: David STEWART of Strathearn & Caithness; Catherine of Strathnairn m. Sir David LINDSAY of Crawford; Egidia m. Sir William DOUGLAS of Nithsdale; Walter, Earl of Atholl m. Margaret de BARCLAY

         

        illegitimate children of Robert II STEWART:
        Thomas of Dunkeld;
        Alexander;
        Alexander;
        John, Sheriff of Bute;
        James;
        Walter; John ...the Red... of Dundonald m. Elizabeth GRAHAM
        1 2 3
        Change Date: 11 Apr 2008 at 01:00:00

        Father: Walter High Steward Of SCOTLAND b: 1292/1293 in Dundonald, Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland
        Mother: Marjorie, Princess Of SCOTLAND b: ABT 1297 in Dundonald, Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland

        Marriage 1 Elizabeth MURE b: ABT 1320 in Of Rowallan, Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland
        Married: 22 Nov 1347 in Dispensation, Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland
        Children
        Jean (Johanna) Princess STEWART b: ABT 1350 in Of Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland
        Elizabeth STEWART b: ABT 1346 in Of Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland
        Marjorie STEWART b: ABT 1344 in Of Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland
        Margaret STEWART b: in Of Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland
        Robert 1st Duke of Albany STEWART b: ABT 1340 in Of Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland
        Sir Walter John Earl of Atholl STEWART b: ABT 1338 in Of Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland
        Isabella Eupheme Stewart Princess Of SCOTLAND b: ABT 1348 in Of Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland
        Alexander STEWART b: ABT 1352 in Of Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland
        Robert III (Robert John STEWART) King Of SCOTLAND b: ABT 1337 in Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland

        Marriage 2 Euphemia ROSS b: ABT 1320 in Of Ross & Cromarty, Scotland
        Married: 2 May 1355 in Dispensation, Scotland
        Sealing Spouse: 21 Feb 1992 in DALLA 4
        Children
        Walter STEWART b: ABT 19 Oct 1378 in Of Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland
        David Prince Of SCOTLAND b: ABT 1356 in Of Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland
        Egidia (Jill) Stewart Princess Of SCOTLAND b: ABT 1368 in Of Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland
        Catherine (Jean) STEWART Princess of SCOTLAND b: ABT 1362 in Of Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland
        Katherine STEWART Princess of SCOTLAND b: ABT 1373 in Galloway, Scotland
        Elizabeth Stewart Princess of SCOTLAND b: AFT 1360

        Marriage 3 Spouse Unknown
        Children
        John 'the Red' STEWART b: in of Dundonald, Scotland

        Marriage 4 Mora LEITCH b: 1320 in Egliston, England
        Married: 1349
        Children
        Sir John STEWART b: 1350 in Innermeath, Argyle, Scotland

        Sources:
        Repository:
        Name: Family History Library
        Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA

        Title: Ancestral File (R)
        Author: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
        Publication: Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998
        Repository:
        Name: Family History Library
        Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA

        Title: International Genealogical Index (R)
        Author: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
        Publication: Copyright (c) 1980, 2002, data as of January 9, 2004
        Repository:
        Name: Family History Library
        Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA

        Title: International Genealogical Index (R)
        Author: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
        Publication: Copyright (c) 1980, 2002, data as of March 2, 2005
        Repository:
        Name: Family History Library
        Salt Lake City, UT 84150 USA

        Title: Ordinance Index (TM)
        Author: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

         

      • Citation:

        bevangenealogyservices@hotmail.com

  2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_II_of_Scotland Wikipedia: Robert II of Scotland
      • Source text:

        Marriages and issue
        His first wife was Elizabeth Mure, by her he had at least ten children:

        King Robert III of Scotland (d. 1406), originally called John
        Robert Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany (1339–1420)
        Alexander Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan, and Lord of Badenoch, "the Wolf of Badenoch" (1343–1405)
        Margaret Stewart, married John of Islay, Lord of the Isles
        Walter Stewart (d. 1362), married Isabella, Countess of Fife
        Marjory Stewart, married first John Dunbar, 5th Earl of Moray, second Alexander Keith
        Johanna Stewart, married in 1373 Sir John Keith, in 1379 Sir John Lyon, in 1384 Sir James Sandilands
        Isabella Stewart, married first James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Douglas, married second David Edmondstone
        Katherine Stewart, married Sir Robert Logan of Grugar, later also of Restalrig, Lord High Admiral of Scotland
        Elizabeth Stewart, married Sir Thomas Hay, Lord High Constable of Scotland
        By his second wife, Euphemia de Ross, daughter of Aodh, Earl of Ross, and widow of the 3rd Earl of Moray, formerly his colleague as regent, he had five children:

        David Stewart, 1st Earl of Caithness (d. bef. 1389)
        Walter Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl (d. 1437)
        Margaret Stewart
        Elizabeth Stewart, married 1380 David Lindsay, 1st Earl of Crawford
        Egidia Stewart, married 1387 Sir William Douglas of Nithsdale
        The confusion about the circumstances of his first marriage would later lead to conflict amongst the descendants of his first marriage (which included James I of Scotland) and the unquestionably legitimate descendants of his second marriage.

        Robert had also eight illegitimate children: By Moira Leitch:

        John Stewart of Bute, Sheriff of Bute, "the Black Stewart"
        By Marion Cardny:

        Alexander Stewart, Canon of Glasgow
        John Stewart of Dundonald, "the Red Stewart"
        James Stewart of Kinfauns
        Walter Stewart
        John Stewart of Burley, Lord of Burley
        Sir John Stewart of Cairdney
        Sir Alexander Stewart of Inverlunan
        Thomas Stewart, Dean of Dunkeld, Archdeacon and Bishop-elect of St. Andrews

        References

        Primary
        Andrew of Wyntoun, The Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland, edited by D. Laing (Edinburgh, 1872-1879)
        John of Fordun, Scotichronicon, continued by Walter Bower, edited by Thomas Hearne (Oxford, 1722)
        John Major, Historia majoris Britanniae, translated by A Constable (Edinburgh, 1892)

        Secondary
        Tytler, PF, History of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1841-1843).

         

  3. Errol Bevan: http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=PED&db=bevangenealogy&id=I32527&style=TABLE @ RootsWeb Ancestries of Errol S. BEVAN and Hollie C. ATKINSON BEVAN to ADAM and EVE including REINHARDT and BLOCKER Cousins and more