{"id":19654,"date":"2018-03-08T10:10:01","date_gmt":"2018-03-08T15:10:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.megalextoria.com\/wordpress\/?p=19654"},"modified":"2018-03-08T10:12:39","modified_gmt":"2018-03-08T15:12:39","slug":"6-logical-fallacies-to-look-out-for-in-the-gun-debate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.megalextoria.com\/wordpress\/index.php\/2018\/03\/08\/6-logical-fallacies-to-look-out-for-in-the-gun-debate\/","title":{"rendered":"6 Logical Fallacies to Look out for in the Gun Debate"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/file.army\/i\/dxjfhn\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/404store.com\/2018\/03\/08\/nomoreguns.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/h2>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\">In 2017, the data website\u00a0FiveThirtyEight\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fivethirtyeight.com\/features\/the-u-s-has-never-been-so-polarized-on-guns\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">declared<\/a>\u00a0that the U.S. had become more polarized on the issue of guns that at any time in the nation\u2019s history.<\/p>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\">Because of the emotional nature of the debate, both gun control advocates and Second Amendment proponents increasingly resorted to violent rhetoric (\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.realclearpolitics.com\/video\/2018\/02\/22\/nras_loesch_i_wouldnt_have_been_able_to_exit_cnn_town_hall_if_i_didnt_have_a_security_detail.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">burn her<\/a>!\u201d), conspiracy\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vanityfair.com\/news\/2018\/02\/how-the-far-right-is-smearing-parkland-school-shooting-survivors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">theories<\/a>, and especially irrational thinking.<\/p>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\">Here are six of the most common logical fallacies you\u2019ll find in the current debate on guns in America.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"rtejustify\">1. Non Sequitur<\/h2>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\"><em>Non sequitur<\/em>\u00a0translates as \u201cit does not follow.\u201d They are more common in casual conversation than formal debate.<\/p>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\">Example:\u00a0<em>I can\u2019t believe you didn\u2019t like <\/em>The Last Jedi<em>. You loved <\/em>The Empire Strikes Back<em> and Mark Hamill is in\u00a0<\/em>The Last Jedi<em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\">It does not follow that all fans of the original <em>Star Wars<\/em> trilogy will like\u00a0<em>The Last Jedi<\/em>\u00a0just because Luke is in the movie.<\/p>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\">In the gun debate, argument sometimes devolves into non sequiturs. Example:\u00a0<em>I don\u2019t support the murder of innocents; therefore I don\u2019t vote Republican, since Republicans often support the Second Amendment.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 600px; height: 305.23415977961434px;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.megalextoria.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/republicans_support_murder_of_children.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-udi=\"umb:\/\/media\/cc80049492dc4d0d81e2673f002a88e1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 600px; height: 361.3104524180967px;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.megalextoria.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/markschmalingtweet.png\" alt=\"\" data-udi=\"umb:\/\/media\/a7b87335ef3a472d8e6b556b31179c14\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"rtejustify\">2. False Dilemma\/False Dichotomy<\/h2>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\">News media are notorious for presenting public options as a binary choice: do nothing or pass federal gun control legislation.<\/p>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\">\u201cDonald Trump does nothing; Paul Ryan does nothing; Mitch McConnell does nothing,\u201d Joe Scarborough recently\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/media\/374186-scarborough-trump-is-a-coward-for-not-acting-on-gun-control\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said<\/a>. (He threw in an ad hominem for good measure: \u201cDonald Trump has proven to be a coward. He\u2019s proven to be a small man.\u201d) Scarborough was echoed by Rep. Seth Moulton (D-Mass.) who told the president to &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/house\/373957-house-dem-asks-trump-to-get-off-his-ass-to-do-something-about-school-shooting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">get off his a**<\/a>&#8221; and work with federal lawmakers to pass gun control legislation.<\/p>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\">In reality, there are\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.intellectualtakeout.org\/article\/10-things-schools-parents-and-communities-can-do-now-prevent-school-shootings\">many actions<\/a>\u00a0individuals, communities, parents, and local governments can take to help prevent school shootings. But media reports and pundits on television usually don\u2019t present these alternatives.<\/p>\n<p class=\"rtecenter\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width: 615px; width: 630px; height: 354.439px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/h-haeNzQgB8?feature=oembed\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"rtejustify\">3. Appeal to Emotion<\/h2>\n<div>\n<div data-twitter-event-id=\"1\">\n<div id=\"twitter-widget-1\" data-click-to-open-target=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/GiselaPerezTV\/status\/965445993369079808\" data-iframe-title=\"Twitter Tweet\" data-dt-full=\"%{hours12}:%{minutes} %{amPm} - %{day} %{month} %{year}\" data-dt-explicit-timestamp=\"11:40 PM - Feb 18, 2018\" data-dt-months=\"Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Jul|Aug|Sep|Oct|Nov|Dec\" data-dt-am=\"AM\" data-dt-pm=\"PM\" data-dt-now=\"now\" data-dt-s=\"s\" data-dt-m=\"m\" data-dt-h=\"h\" data-dt-second=\"second\" data-dt-seconds=\"seconds\" data-dt-minute=\"minute\" data-dt-minutes=\"minutes\" data-dt-hour=\"hour\" data-dt-hours=\"hours\" data-dt-abbr=\"%{number}%{symbol}\" data-dt-short=\"%{day} %{month}\" data-dt-long=\"%{day} %{month} %{year}\" data-scribe=\"page:tweet\" data-tweet-id=\"965445993369079808\" data-twitter-event-id=\"7\">\n<div>\n<div data-scribe=\"component:tweet\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 509.58904109589037px; height: 600px;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.megalextoria.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/appealtoemotiontweet.png\" alt=\"\" data-udi=\"umb:\/\/media\/0188276bb2f64b1590bbad307863740f\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\">Children have been featured prominently in the gun debate, both by news networks advocating gun control and the president himself. Why? The answer is simple, as J.D. Tuccille recently\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/reason.com\/archives\/2018\/02\/21\/doe-eyed-youngsters-for-my-preferred-pol\/print\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pointed out<\/a>\u00a0at\u00a0<em>Reason<\/em>:<\/p>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\">\u201cKids are pulled into political discussions by adults who want to trump debate and shame their opponents into acquiescence.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\">This is just one example of how people and media appeal to our emotions to argue their points. Here is another:<\/p>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 505.9760956175299px; height: 600px;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.megalextoria.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/appealtoemotion2.png\" alt=\"\" data-udi=\"umb:\/\/media\/96e7a68dfdd64fcca88ee3012c6bcd45\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"rtejustify\">4. Straw Man<\/h2>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\">The straw man is arguably\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.intellectualtakeout.org\/article\/why-straw-man-fallacy-everywhere-today\">the most common fallacy<\/a>\u00a0in modern debate. The fallacy involves taking someone\u2019s point or argument and reducing it to a caricature that is easy to knock over.<\/p>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\">A case in point can be found in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=1&amp;cad=rja&amp;uact=8&amp;ved=0ahUKEwinpdf3x8TZAhWg3oMKHXksArsQFggpMAA&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Fjeffersons-tree-liberty-blood-schoolchildren-171918999.html&amp;usg=AOvVaw3pRL6Df46w1yNrwl_wX_64\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a recent column<\/a>\u00a0by Jerry Adler of Yahoo. In it, Adler mocked an\u00a0article written by\u00a0<em>National Review<\/em>\u2019s David French which stated that the purpose of the Second Amendment was to defend liberty from potential state tyranny.<\/p>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\">Adler depicts French as defending assault-style rifles \u201con the grounds that we might need them to fight a reprise of the American Revolution.\u201d He invokes the image of \u201cmiddle-aged guys running around the woods in camo pants\u201d trying to go \u201cup against the Marine Corps.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\">But French never mentioned the American Revolution, Marines, or middle-aged guys in camo pants. In fact, French explicitly states that an armed citizenry would not be much use if it came to open conflict between\u00a0the people and the state.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\">\u201cThe argument is not that a collection of random citizens should be able to go head-to-head with the Third Cavalry Regiment. That\u2019s absurd. Nor is the argument that citizens should possess weapons \u201cin common use\u201d in the military. Rather, for the Second Amendment to remain a meaningful check on state power, citizens must be able to possess the kinds and categories of weapons that can at least deter state overreach, that would make true authoritarianism too costly to attempt.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\">Instead of directly engaging French&#8217;s argument that semi-automatic rifles are a more meaningful check on state power than sidearms and shotguns, Adler created a straw man.\u00a0 What\u2019s interesting is that Adler did this while admitting that French \u201cacknowledges that ordinary citizens wouldn\u2019t stand much of a chance against the 101st Airborne\u201d and that there is little evidence that the 1994 &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Assault_Weapons_Ban\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Federal Assault Weapons Ban<\/a>&#8221; reduced gun violence.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"rtejustify\">5. Bandwagon Fallacy (Also called Appeal to Popularity)<\/h2>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\">The bandwagon fallacy is born of the idea that something is right, true, or desirable because it\u2019s popular.<\/p>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\">Take\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.salon.com\/2018\/02\/21\/support-for-gun-control-surges-to-highest-level-ever-as-gop-lawmakers-sit-on-their-hands_partner\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this article<\/a>, which recently appeared on\u00a0<em>Salon<\/em>\u00a0and featured the headline: \u201cSupport for gun control surges to highest level ever as GOP lawmakers sit on their hands.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\">The implication is that action should be taken because many people favor it,\u00a0according to a poll.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 600px; height: 532.258064516129px;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.megalextoria.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/bandwagontweet.png\" alt=\"\" data-udi=\"umb:\/\/media\/8bc4d2fb84df4f1aab981df30e9f6d0a\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Such an action might be entirely appropriate. But the assumption that the opinion of the majority is\u00a0<em>prima facie\u00a0<\/em>evidence of validity is flawed logic.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"rtejustify\">6. Faulty Analogy<\/h2>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\">This fallacy assumes that because two things are alike in some respects, they are necessarily alike in other respects.<\/p>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\">In the gun debate, it\u2019s common to point to Australia\u2019s 1996 gun control legislation\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.slate.com\/blogs\/crime\/2012\/12\/16\/gun_control_after_connecticut_shooting_could_australia_s_laws_provide_a.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as a model<\/a>\u00a0for the U.S. It often runs like this: \u201cIn Australia, gun legislation passed and gun deaths fell. Therefore, the U.S. should pass more gun legislation.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"rtecenter\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 600px; height: 276.99530516431923px;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.megalextoria.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/australia_gun_control.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-udi=\"umb:\/\/media\/1e9604c3954f47b293fdd36145896fff\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\">The problem, as many have pointed out (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/i-used-to-think-gun-control-was-the-answer-my-research-told-me-otherwise\/2017\/10\/03\/d33edca6-a851-11e7-92d1-58c702d2d975_story.html?utm_term=.934a18bd74e9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/02\/23\/opinion\/australias-gun-laws-america.html?mtrref=www.google.com&amp;assetType=opinion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>, and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/10\/05\/opinion\/guns-second-amendment-nra.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>), is that these nations are so different \u2014 their legal systems, constitutions, histories, the number of guns in circulation, etc. \u2014 that any comparisons or predictions in gun policy are essentially useless. In other words, it&#8217;s a faulty analogy.<\/p>\n<p class=\"rtejustify\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Reprinted from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.intellectualtakeout.org\/article\/logical-fallacies-gun-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Intellectual Takeout<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/fee.org\/people\/jon-miltimore\/\"><br \/>\nJon Miltimore<br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Jonathan Miltimore is a\u00a0senior editor at Intellectual Takeout.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">This article was originally published on FEE.org. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/fee.org\/articles\/6-logical-fallacies-to-look-out-for-in-the-gun-debate\/\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fee.org\/counter\/166435\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n    var rlxim_url = 'https:\/\/rlx.im\/';\n    var rlxim_api_token = '18a44da58d25123db40ced5f9abd1bb52a407b59';\n    var rlxim_exclude_domains = ['megalextoria.com', 'www.megalextoria.com', 'megalextoria.blogspot.com']; \n<\/script><br \/>\n<script src='https:\/\/rlx.im\/assets\/js\/full-page-script.js'><\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 2017, the data website\u00a0FiveThirtyEight\u00a0declared\u00a0that the U.S. had become more polarized on the issue of guns that at any time in the nation\u2019s history. Because of the emotional nature of the debate, both gun control advocates and Second Amendment proponents increasingly resorted to violent rhetoric (\u201cburn her!\u201d), conspiracy\u00a0theories, and especially irrational thinking. Here are six of the most common logical fallacies you\u2019ll find in the current debate on guns in America. 1. Non Sequitur Non sequitur\u00a0translates as \u201cit does not follow.\u201d They are more common in casual conversation than formal debate. Example:\u00a0I can\u2019t believe you didn\u2019t like The Last Jedi. You loved The Empire Strikes Back and Mark Hamill is in\u00a0The Last Jedi. It does not follow that all fans of the original Star Wars trilogy will like\u00a0The Last Jedi\u00a0just because Luke is in the movie. In the gun debate, argument sometimes devolves into non sequiturs. Example:\u00a0I don\u2019t support the murder of innocents; therefore I don\u2019t vote Republican, since Republicans often support the Second Amendment. 2. False Dilemma\/False Dichotomy News media are notorious for presenting public options as a binary choice: do nothing or pass federal gun control legislation. \u201cDonald Trump does nothing; Paul Ryan does nothing; Mitch McConnell does [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[98,3136,3025,3135],"class_list":["post-19654","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news-and-politics","tag-2nd-amendment","tag-fallacies","tag-guns","tag-logic"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.megalextoria.com\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19654","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.megalextoria.com\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.megalextoria.com\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.megalextoria.com\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.megalextoria.com\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19654"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.megalextoria.com\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19654\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.megalextoria.com\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19654"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.megalextoria.com\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19654"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.megalextoria.com\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19654"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}