Relay-Version: version B 2.10 5/3/83; site utzoo.UUCP Path: utzoo!mnetor!seismo!mcnc!gatech!usenet From: usenet@gatech.edu Newsgroups: news.misc,news.config Subject: The USENET Backbone (Last changed: 29 May 1987) Message-ID: <15990@gatech.gatech.edu> Date: Wed, 1-Jul-87 08:56:45 EDT Article-I.D.: gatech.15990 Posted: Wed Jul 1 08:56:45 1987 Date-Received: Thu, 2-Jul-87 04:09:59 EDT Expires: Mon, 10-Aug-87 08:56:42 EDT Sender: spaf@gatech.edu Lines: 98 Approved: spaf@gatech.EDU Xref: mnetor news.misc:660 news.config:222 Original-from: Gene Spafford (spaf@gatech.edu) [Most recent change: 29 May 1987 by spaf] A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done (theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your mileage may vary.) Backbone sites are also expected to be running a recent version of the news software, provide a stable news and mail relay service, and be maintained by reasonably adept and responsible staff. Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes. These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf nodes, and so on. For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites. Note that some backbone links (viz., seismo--munnari, mnetor--seismo, uw-beaver--ubc-vision, seismo--mcvax) do not carry all newsgroups, usually meaning "talk" and some "rec" groups, but sometimes also including "soc", "sci", "news", "misc", and "comp" newsgroups. The European component of Usenet receives a limited number of groups from outside Europe, as well as having a number of active "eunet" newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links. To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address your mail to "backbone@cbosgd.UUCP". If you wish to send mail to the administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name and address of the appropriate individual(s). (In Europe uucp map entries are obtained through the national backbone's "netdir" service). Here is the backbone as of 1 July 1987 (dotted lines show restricted links): watmath------------------------utgpu | | | | ihnp4-----------cbosgd--------------clyde-------------bellcore | : | |\ | : | | \ | alberta (to rutgers) | ulysses | | | | | | | ubc-vision.......uw-beaver------------------------tektronix | | / | | | /------cae780-----/ | | | / | | | kddlab.................hplabs---------------------decwrl | | | : : | | | | : /-------------amdahl----(to seismo) | | | | : / | | | | : ames--------------sdcsvax----------------ucbvax | | | utzoo : | \ \ | | | | : | (to rutgers) \ | | | | : | \ | | | | : hao----------------gatech /------------------decvax | : | \ | | | / | | : | (to husc6) | | | / linus | : | | | | / | | | : | rutgers | mcnc | | | : | / | | | philabs | | : | (to clyde, | | | | | | : | cmcl2, ames) | | | (to rutgers)--cmcl2 | | : | | | | \ | | | : | | | | (to amdahl) \ | | | : | | | | / \ | | | : nbires-------------seismo------------------------husc6--(to hao) | : / : \ | mcvax------------------/ : \....................................mnetor | : (see below) munnari This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them): tut enea diku unido hafro tut -> Finland | \ | / | enea -> Sweden | \ | / | diku -> Denmark | \ | / | unido -> W. Germany | \ | / | inria -> France inria----+----------mcvax-------------+ mcvax -> Netherlands | / | \ | cernvax -> Switzerland | / | \ | ukc -> Great Britain | / | \ | prlb2 -> Belgium | / | \ | i2unix -> Italy tuvie ukc prlb2 i2unix cernvax tuvie -> Austria hafro -> Iceland