Friday, May 18, 2012
Private Rocket Poised to Make History With Saturday Launch
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. — A private spacecraft stands ready to launch on a historic first visit to the International Space Station tomorrow (May 19).
The unmanned Dragon space capsule, built by commercial firm SpaceX, is slated to lift off atop the company’s Falcon 9 rocket early Saturday from here at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The spacecraft has an instantaneous launch window at 4:55 a.m. EDT (0855 GMT), with a 70 percent chance of good weather predicted (the main risk of a delay is posed by the possibility of cumulus clouds).
If all goes well, Dragon will fly by the space station on Monday (May 21) and rendezvous and berth at the outpost the day after, becoming the first non-governmental vehicle to do so. The mission is the final test flight planned for Dragon, which has been developed under NASA’s COTS (Commercial Orbital Transportation Services) program aimed at nurturing private spacecraft to supply the International Space Station.
The mission is a critical test for NASA’s plan to outsource transportation to low-Earth orbit to the commercial sector, allowing the agency to begin work on a new heavy-lift rocket for deep space. Some in Congress and elsewhere have been critical of the scheme, arguing that private vehicles are untested and less reliable than NASA’s in-house built spacecraft.
If Saturday’s launch is successful, it could help sway the naysayers, NASA administrator Charles Bolden said.
“I think it will make a tremendous difference,” Bolden told SPACE.com in April. “Everybody wants to see performance. You can promise things all you want, but nothing works like actual performance, and so it’s a very important mission for SpaceX but an incredibly important mission for us at NASA.”
Thursday, May 10, 2012
Shuttle Rocket Booster Maker to Launch Private Space Taxi by 2015
The aerospace company that built the solid rocket boosters for NASA’s space shuttle fleet announced plans today (May 9) to develop its own private launch system — a spaceship and rocket — to fly astronauts to and from low-Earth orbit. The first manned flight could launch in about three years, company officials said.
Utah-based Alliant Techsystems, or ATK, announced the new project here at the first Spacecraft Technology Expo, where thousands of government and industry officials have gathered to discuss innovative new technologies and the future of human spaceflight.
ATK had already been working on a new private rocket, called Liberty, which it submitted as a contender in the second round of NASA’s Commercial Crew Development program last year. Ultimately, the Liberty rocket was not selected to receive funding, but ATK continued development of the booster under an unfunded Space Act Agreement with NASA. As part of this arrangement, NASA shares its expertise in designing and testing the rocket but does not provide money for the project.
Now, ATK has unveiled plans for a complete launch system centered around the Liberty rocket. The design includes a space capsule to carry passengers to destinations in low-Earth orbit, such as the International Space Station, said Kent Rominger, vice president and program manager for Liberty.
“The goal is to provide a new launch capability for the nation,” Rominger told SPACE.com. “The vehicle is designed to be very, very simple, and inherently more safe and reliable. We really believe the whole system is designed for success.”
Introducing the Liberty system
The spacecraft will be able to carry seven passengers, or various combinations of crew and cargo. ATK also hopes to provide launch services for U.S. government satellites eventually, Rominger said.
Wednesday, May 9, 2012
Light from Alien Super-Earth Seen for 1st Time
Light from an alien “super-Earth” twice the size of our own Earth has been detected by a NASA space telescope for the first time in what astronomers are calling a historic achievement.
NASA’s infrared Spitzer Space Telescope spotted light from the alien planet 55 Cancri e, which orbits a star 41 light-years from Earth. A year on the extrasolar planet lasts just 18 hours.
The planet 55 Cancri e was first discovered in 2004 and is not a habitable world. Instead, it is known as a super-Earth because of its size: The world is about twice the width of Earth and is super-dense, with about eight times the mass of Earth.
But until now, scientists have never managed to detect the infrared light from the super-Earth world.
“Spitzer has amazed us yet again,” said Spitzer program scientist Bill Danch of NASA headquarters in Washington in a statement today (May 8). “The spacecraft is pioneering the study of atmospheres of distant planets and paving the way for NASA’s upcoming James Webb Space Telescope to apply a similar technique on potentially habitable planets.”
Spitzer first detected infrared light from an alien planet in 2005. But that world was “hot Jupiter,” a gas giant planet much larger than 55 Cancri e that orbited extremely close to its parent star. While other telescopes have performed similar feats since then, Spitzer’s view of the 55 Cancri e is the first time the light from a rocky super-Earth type planet has been seen, researchers said.
Thursday, May 3, 2012
Mars-Bound Rover in Home Stretch of Red Planet Voyage
NASA’s newest Mars rover is entering the final leg of its space cruise, with just over three months remaining until it touches down on the Red Planet.
The huge Curiosity rover launched in November and is slated to land at Mars’ Gale Crater on the night of Aug. 5. Curiosity’s mission team is working hard to prepare for the impending arrival, practicing the rover’s unconventional landing and mapping out just what it will do on the Red Planet’s surface.
“Landing an SUV-sized vehicle next to the side of a mountain 85 million miles from home is always stimulating,” said Pete Theisinger, Curiosity project manager at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., in a statement. “Our engineering and science teams continue their preparations for that big day and the surface operations to follow.”
Stomach-churning landing
Curiosity is the heart of NASA’s $2.5 billion Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission. The 1-ton rover’s main task is to determine if the Gale Crater area is, or ever was, capable of supporting microbial life, and Curiosity carries 10 different science instruments to help it address this question.
The first step in Curiosity’s Red Planet plans, of course, is to touch down safely. While landing on the surface of another world is always tricky, Curiosity’s touchdown may be more anxiety-inducing than most. [unsupported video]
Wednesday, May 2, 2012
Venus to Appear in Once-In-A-Lifetime Event
It will take Venus about six hours to complete its transit, appearing as a small black dot on the Sun’s surface, in an event that will not happen again until 2117.
In this month’s Physics World, Jay M Pasachoff, an astronomer at Williams College, Massachusetts, explores the science behind Venus’s transit and gives an account of its fascinating history.
Transits of Venus occur only on the very rare occasions when Venus and Earth are in a line with the Sun. At other times Venus passes below or above the Sun because the two orbits are at a slight angle to each other. Transits occur in pairs separated by eight years, with the gap between pairs of transits alternating between 105.5 and 121.5 years — the last transit was in 2004.
Building on the original theories of Nicolaus Copernicus from 1543, scientists were able to predict and record the transits of both Mercury and Venus in the centuries that followed.
Johannes Kepler successfully predicted that both planets would transit the Sun in 1631, part of which was verified with Mercury’s transit of that year. But the first transit of Venus to actually be viewed was in 1639 — an event that had been predicted by the English astronomer Jeremiah Horrocks. He observed the transit in the village of Much Hoole in Lancashire — the only other person to see it being his correspondent, William Crabtree, in Manchester.
Later, in 1716, Edmond Halley proposed using a transit of Venus to predict the precise distance between Earth and the Sun, known as the astronomical unit. As a result, hundreds of expeditions were sent all over the world to observe the 1761 and 1769 transits. A young James Cook took the Endeavour to the island of Tahiti, where he successfully observed the transit at a site that is still called Point Venus.
